Building Blocks of Sound
Two of the PERCEPTUAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF SOUND ARE?
a. Loudness
b. Pitch
c. Pitch Contour
d. Duration/Timing
e. Timbre
f. Spatial sound source location
g. Reverberation
Elastic mediums and Elastic objects have a _______ force. This _____ force is a property whereby the deformed medium or object returns to its ______ position.
a. Restoring
b. Restoring
c. Resting position, natural position, equilibrium position
Sound wave propagation depends upon the properties of the medium. Perhaps the most important property is ________. Without this property, no sound would occur even if an object were vibrating, such as in the vacuum of outer _______.
a. Elasticity or restoring force
b. Space
A sine wave is special because it is _______, meaning that its vibration pattern repeats itself over and over. This pattern of cycles of compression and rarefaction can also be called ______ ______ ______ (three-word answer)
a. Periodic
b. Simple Harmonic Motion
The wavelength for a 1000 Hz sound is ____, the wavelength for a 500 Hz sound is ____, and the wavelength for a 5000 Hz sound is ___. These values are in the measurement unit ______, which is an indication of ______.
a. .343 meters
b. .686 meters
c. .0686 meters
d. Meters
e. Distance
Two of the PHYSICAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF SOUND ARE?
a. Intensity/amplitude/pressure
b. Frequency
c. Phase
d. Period
e. Wavelength
f. Periodic or aperiodic (random)
Air molecule pressure variations across space and time are called ______. _____ transport energy from one place to another in an _______ medium.
a. Waves (or sound waves, acoustic waves, or pressure waves)
b. Waves
c. Elastic
When sound is propagating across air molecules, each individual air particle vibrates around its resting position in the ______ direction as the entire sound wave. This is called ______ wave propagation.
a. Same
b. Longitudinal
The amount of time it takes for a sine wave to get through one cycle is called its ______. The _______ is generally measured in _______, and is labelled with the letter _.
a. Period
b. Period
c. Seconds
d. T
If a sound wave gets through 250 cycles in one second, it has a frequency of _____ __ and a period of ______ _______.
a. 250 Hz
c. .004 Seconds
Hearing is the auditory ________ and cognitive _______ of sound.
a. Sensation
b. Perception
One complete round trip of vibration (or periodic pressure variation) is called a _____.
a. Cycle
Sound waves are ephemeral, meaning they eventually fade away. This reduction in the amplitude or intensity of a sound over time is called ______.
a. Damping
The number of times a waveform repeats itself in one second is called the wave’s _______. This value is expressed in __, which means ______ per ______.
a. Frequency
b. Hz (Hertz)
c. Cycles
d. Second
The _____ of a periodic sound tells us how much of the cycle has elapsed, and consequently, how much will have to occur before the waveform repeats. Since periodic sounds repeat over and over again, we can describe their position in time in terms of degrees around a _____. Therefore, the point of maximum compression is happening at __ degrees ____ _____.
a. Phase
b. Circle
c. 90
d. Phase Angle
The ESSENTIAL components of sound include an energy source, a (an) ________ and a (an) _________.
a. Vibrating object
b. Elastic medium
When an object pushes (or forces) an air molecule towards another air molecule, this is called ______. It is a state of _______ air pressure compared to the ambient air pressure.
a. Compression
b. Positive
Damping (the dying out of vibration energy across time) occurs primarily due to _______. This _______ results in some of the energy of the sound vibration being converted to ______.
a. Friction
b. Friction
c. Heat
Frequency is the reciprocal of _______ and vice versa. This means that these two physical dimensions of sound are heavily intertwined. That is, low frequency sounds will have _____ _____, while high frequency sounds will have ______ _____.
a. Period
b. Long periods
c. Shorter periods
A periodic sound waveform repeats itself two times (i.e., goes through two cycles) in 40 milliseconds (.04 seconds). What is its frequency? And what is its period? How about its wavelength? A different periodic sound only gets through one cycle in 40 milliseconds (.04 seconds). What is its frequency? And what is its period? How about its wavelength?
a. 50 Hz
b. .02 seconds
c. 6.86 meters
d. 25 Hz
e. .04 seconds
f. 13.72 meters
Pitch and Loudness are _______ dimensions of sound, while frequency and intensity are ______ dimensions of sound.
a. Perceptual/psychological
b. Physical
When air molecules are farther apart from one another compared to their resting (or ambient) position (during a cycle of vibration), this is called _______. It is a state of ______ air pressure compared to the ambient air pressure.
a. Rarefaction
b. Negative
The pressure that exists among air molecules when they are not being disturbed by an external force is called the ______ ______.
a. Ambient Pressure (or atmospheric pressure)
________ is the physical distance covered by one cycle of a periodic wave. ________ is inversely proportion to frequency, and therefore these dimensions of sound are heavily intertwined. That is, low frequency sounds tend to have ______ _____ and long periods. High frequency sounds tend to have ______ _____ and short periods.
a. Wavelength
b. Wavelength
c. Long wavelengths
d. Short wavelengths
The wavelength of a sound can be calculated by dividing the speed of sound in air by the sound’s frequency. The speed of sound in air is _____. A sound with a frequency of 750 Hz would have a wavelength of _____, while a sound with a frequency of 3000 Hz would have a wavelength of ______.
a. 343 meters/second
b. .457 meters
c. .114 meters