Appraisal and Research
Assumes that any observed score (X) on a given test consists of two components: the true score (T) and the error score (E) as stated in the formula X = T+E; an example of this is error of measurement
What is Classical True-Score Theory?
Having awareness of one's own cultural identity and views about differences, and the ability to learn and build on the varying cultural and community norms; understanding within-group differences (etic) while celebrating the between-group differences (emic)
What is cultural competence?
What is Reaganomics?
the phenomenon where those with mental illness may experience multiple relapses requiring brief [24-72 hours], multiple hospitalizations in the context of their community-based treatment
What is the revolving-door phenomenon?
You get this one for free because you are studying!
You are going to do well on the exam!
the degree to which items on tests and scores obtained from them are consistent, stable, and repeatable
What is reliability?
The unconscious preconceived notions that are incorrect
What is bias?
describes the constellation of businesses, organizations, and practices that arrange for the financing and delivery of mental health services; commonly used to refer to a range of programs and policies that control access to care, the types of care delivered, and the cost of care
What is managed care?
The percentage of older population (over 65) who meet criteria to diagnose mental illness
What is 20.4%? (20% is okay too!)
This could be many things. Some things discussed last day of class: What is: we are living through another era of defunding social services, mental health is considered a luxury and is therefore poorly covered by insurance, credentials do not easily translate across states, etc.?
The extent to which an instrument accurately measures what it says it measures
the tendency to define and dogmatically cling to viewing reality according to one's own set of cultural assumptions to the exclusion of alternative interpretations
What is cultural encapsulation?
The model where many clients are seen for brief episodes of treatment, frequently in nontraditional (i.e. faster) modes
What is the catalyst model? [the counselor serves as a catalyst for change]
Three things that led to the shift to community-based care
What are: (1) the development of medications; (2) available economic resources no longer support long-term, inpatient care; and (3) multidisciplinary team approaches can offer a more comprehensive approach to outpatient mental health care?
Take this pill and you'll feel better model
What is "the quick fix" model, also known as a critique of psychopharmacology's marketing of medications?
used in research and appraisal to safeguard against threats to the validity and reliability by defining concepts and variables in terms of the specific operations in which they can be measured
What are operational definitions?
What is the Cyrus Cylinder?
when a counselor's income is based on the number of persons enrolled in the plan rather than the type or frequency of service provided
What is capitation?
The four sectors of the mental health delivery system
What are: (1) the specialty mental health sector; (2) general medical/primary care network; (3) the human services sector; and (4) voluntary services?
the tension between academic training and professional experiences
What is: you learn one thing in class in an academic, removed context but practicing it with a client is very different?
Some minutiae from this chapter:
(1) The difference between longitudinal and cross-sectional models
(2) The difference between an achievement test and an aptitude test
(3) The difference between construct validity and criterion-related validity
(4) Four reasons why research is important for clinical mental health counselors
(1) What is: a longitudinal model collects data over a long stretch of time whereas a cross-sectional models collects data at one point in time?
(2) What is: a achievement test measure's the degree of learning whereas the aptitude test predicts what people can learn?
(3) What is: criterion-related validity is the relationship between a test score and some performance measure whereas construct validity is whether a test accurately measures a theoretical concept?
(4) What are research helps: (a) determine what interventions are effective; (b) identify new therapeutic techniques and preventive psychoeducation; (c) investigate complex phenomena; and (d) counselors determine trustworthy v. non-trustworthy sources/information?
Five fundamental presuppositions undergirding traditional models of counseling that reflect the worldview of the predominant Western culture (as identified by our textbook)
What are: (1) individualism; (2) view of normalcy and pathology; (3) functional agnosticism and antireligiousness; (4) personal happiness as a legitimate goal of counseling; and (5) insight and process of change?
the unethical and illegal activity when the mental health practitioner gives a reimbursable diagnosis to a client who does not fully meet the DSM criteria so the third-party reimburses will pay instead of the client?
What is updiagnosing?
Five difficult things
(1) the origins of community mental health
(2) the difference between goals and objectives
(3) the difference between a fidelity evaluation, a formative evaluation, and a summative evaluation
(4) the difference between transformational leadership and servant-leader leadership
(5) the most important part of program evaluation
(1) What is the mid-1800s with Dorothea Dix?
(2) What is: goals are the anticipated effects on participants connecting needs to strategies while objectives are how the goals will be met?
(3) What is: fidelity evaluation is monitoring the reliability of providing services (is it happening the way it should?); formative evaluation is how to improve program as it is being implemented (how can we make it better?); and summative evaluation is determining the overall effectiveness of the program (did it do what it was supposed to do?).
(4) What is: transformational leadership is influencing employees toward higher levels of commitment while servant-leader leadership is about sharing power and considering needs of employees to meet their goals?
(5) What is considering the needs of the community through a thorough needs assessment?
Four lenses through which mental health counselors are trained to view the human condition
What are:
(1) normal human development across the lifespan
(2) the person as a holistic being
(3) human functioning occurs in an ecological context
(4) wellness orientation?