History of New Media
This technology led to journalists writing more succinctly in the late 19th century.
What is the telegraph?
McLuhan is often accused of holding this position, which states that technical design has unavoidable effects on society.
What is technological determinism?
The American Psychological Association says violent media content represents just one factor among many in the causation of this.
What is aggression?
These are defined as "collectives of people who gather in primarily online spaces that have shared interests, practices, and marked roles in the community that define levels of responsibility and expertise"
What are online affinity networks?
This mythologically-rooted definition of creativity refers to how creative people depend on other people who assist them on the way to crating great works (sports players who depends on “assists”, or teams who work together to create popular music)
What is "The Genius and the Water Carrier"?
This social phenomenon was a consequence of the streamlining of telephone switchboards in the 1920s.
What is the deskilling of work in the telephone industry?
Instrumentalism posits that technologies are best characterized as this (a two word, hyphenated phrase).
What is value-neutral?
Whereas 45% of gamers are women, only 22% of this profession are.
What is a game developer?
Online Affinity networks are characterized by shared culture, shared spaces, and this.
What are shared practices?
industries that produce symbolic, culture-defining goods
What are Creative Industries?
This network design innovation was needed before commercial mobile phone networks could be launched.
What are cellular networks?
This critique of technology holds that ideologies may be hard coded into technical designs (such as "racist highway overpasses").
What is critical theory (or a critical theory-informed approach to technology)?
This massive online backlash toward female critics of womens' representation in gaming communities and games happened in 2014.
What is gamergate?
According to Yochai Benkler, this three word phrase (beginning with the letter "d") characterizes how change happens in the networked economy.
What is decentralized individual action?
This characteristic of products is particularly unpredictable in creative industries.
What is the value of products?
This device, invented in the 1960s, used in the Texas oilfields, connected a two-way radio to a stationary phone line. This got around AT&T's restriction on using only AT&T phones to connect to their network.
What was Carterfone?
This approach to studying technologies assumes that different user groups have influence on technological design through their everyday (and often unanticipated) uses of things.
What is SCOT (social construction of technology)?
According to Jane McGonigal, these kinds of games (that encourage things like environmental stewardship or other global problems), can potentially change the world.
What are "serious games"?
A recent development in participatory culture, which involves individuals sharing their specialized skills and know-how over digital networks, manifests in these groupings.
What are maker communities?
This model of the creative industries (in which the creative industries experience above average growth) is said to be best supported by the data.
What is the growth model?
This refers to the practice of staking out a temporary workplace in public space, using wireless technologies to connect.
What is camping?
This theory suggests that technology has its own logic, and that when technology becomes a driving force in society, its logic takes over every other aspect of human life.
What is substantivism?
Antisocial, unhealthy, addicted.
What are myths about gamers?
One important "safe haven" quality of online affinity networks is the fact that they provide safe space for these.
What are stigmatized interests?
This model of the creative economy suggests that creative industries are dependent on private and public investment to survive at all.
What is the welfare model?