Brain Basics
What part of the brain controls thinking and memory?
The cerebrum
What birth defect happens when the spine doesn’t close all the way?
Spina bifida
A soft spot on a baby’s head that is bulging may mean what?
Too much pressure in the brain (increased ICP)
True or False: Babies with spina bifida can live healthy lives.
True (with support and treatment)
What simple scan can check a baby’s head before birth?
Ultrasound
What protects the brain and spinal cord?
The skull and spine
A baby is born with fluid buildup in the brain. What is this called?
Hydrocephalus
If a baby’s head is growing too fast, what might be the cause?
Hydrocephalus
True or False: Brain and spine problems are always caused by the mother.
A: False
What does a CT scan show?
Pictures of the brain or head using X-rays
What fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What vitamin helps prevent brain and spine defects in babies?
Folic acid
What is a seizure?
Sudden abnormal brain activity that causes shaking or staring
True or False: Eating healthy during pregnancy helps prevent birth defects.
True
Which scan gives the clearest view of the brain’s soft tissues?
MRI
Name one job of the brainstem.
It controls breathing, heart rate, and basic functions
What is a sac on a baby’s back that may contain spinal cord or fluid?
Meningocele or myelomeningocele
Name one symptom of spina bifida.
Weak legs, bladder problems, or a visible bump on the back
True or False: All kids with hydrocephalus have intellectual disability.
False
What test checks a baby’s brain pressure and fluid with a needle?
Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
Which part of the brain helps with balance and coordination?
The cerebellum
What happens in anencephaly?
The baby is born without parts of the brain and skull
What does it mean if a baby’s eyes always look down (like “sunsetting”)?
Possible hydrocephalus
True or False: Taking folic acid after pregnancy starts prevents spina bifida.
False (it must be taken before or very early in pregnancy)
What test looks at brain waves (often used for seizures)?
EEG (electroencephalogram)