Dependency on Vasculature
Functional only in CNS vessels, restricts the movement of harmful substances (e.g., bacteria) from the blood to the brain; makes administering cerebral medicine/ treatment very difficult
Blood-brain barrier
What is the circular arterial loop at the base of the brain that interconnects inputs and outputs?
Circle of Willis
The MCAs supply the-
lateral sides of the cortex (lobes?)
Type of stroke involving the blocking of an artery; makes up 90% of strokes.
Occlusive stroke
The MCAs supply the lateral cortices. If there's left MCA pathology, what functions may be affected?
Language; receptive and expressive
_______ supplies nutrient-rich blood (oxygen and glucose) to the brain, while _______ removes metabolic waste (CO2, lactic acid, etc.).
Arterial blood, venous blood
Which two artery systems deliver nutrient-rich blood from the heart/ aorta to the brain?
-L&R Internal carotids
-L&R Vertebral-basilar system
The ACAs supply the-
anterior part of the cortex (lobes?)
Occlusive strokes are also known as what?
Ischemic or thrombo-embolic strokes
A client has a stroke to their vertebral-basilar arterial system. What symptoms may occur?
The brain requires ___% of the body's oxygen at any given time to function maximally.
25%
What are the three paired sets of outputs from the C.O.W?
-ACAs
-MCAs
-PCAs
The PCAs supply the-
posterior parts of the cortex (lobes?)
What is an embolism?
The lodging of an embolus inside of a blood vessel, blocking it (thrombus, fat globule, air bubble, foreign material, etc.)
A client shows cortical blindness due to a CVA in the right eye. Where is the pathology?
Left PCA
The brain utilizes ___% of the body's blood.
20%
T/F: MCAs are the most common site for strokes to occur.
True
T/F: Larger branches from the cerebral arteries supply the core areas of the brain.
False; small branches, e.g., MCA-> lenticulostriate arteries
What is a thrombus?
A blood clot that either forms or travels to the smaller vessels of the brain.
A client who had a CVA is showing difficulties regulating inhibition, initiation, impulsivity, and changes in personality. Where is the pathology most likely to be?
ACA damage
How long does it take for neurological symptoms to begin due to an interruption of blood supply to the CNS?
1 second
What is the purpose of the redundancy of blood supply to the brain?
C.O.W. protects the brain if a part of the vascular network is blocked/ disrupted
T/F: The cerebral arteries only supply the deep structures/ white matter of the brain.
False; supplies the cortex as well
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
Type of stroke that occurs due to an arteriovenous bleed/ trauma/ malformation
A client is having difficulties with somatosensation on their right side. What is likely the pathology?
CVA/ damage to the left MCA