Thrombocythemia
Which of these is not a secondary cause of thrombocytosis?
A) Tumour/ malignancy
B) Stem cell disorder
C) Inflammation
D) Infarction
B) Stem cell disorder
Which cell lines are affected by pancytopenia?
A- Lymphocytes
B- Reticulocytes
C- Erythrocytes
D- All of the above
D- All of the above
Which of these is not a cause of low blood count caused by reduced production?
A- Apalastic anaemia
B- Leukemia
C- Metastatic malignancy
D- Thrombocythemia
D) Thrombocythemia
Which test measures the intrinsic system?
A) APTT
B) PT
C) PTT
D) PRE
A) APTT
17-year-old female has prolonged bleeding after a tooth extraction. She tells her dentist that her gums often bleed when she brushes her teeth and she gets frequent nosebleeds. Her mother also gets similar problems and she thinks there may be a bleeding disorder that runs in her family. Which clotting factor is most likely to be affected in this patient?
A.Factor 11
B.Factor 5
C.Factor 9
D.Factor 8
D.Factor 8
What cell is mutated during essential thrombocythemia?
A) Megakaryocytes
B) Reticulocytes
C) White cells
D) Blast cells
A) Megakaryocytes
Are primary or secondary causes of low cell counts more common?
Secondary
True or False, primary causes are more common than secondary causes of erythrocytosis?
False
Which test measures the extrinsic system?
A) APTT
B) PT
C) PE
D) BRB
B) PT
A 17-year-old girl presents to her general practitioner with a history of mucosal bleeding. She had an episode of prolonged bleeding after a tooth extraction a few weeks ago and has had heavy periods since menarche. She is otherwise fit and well. She also mentions that her father has a history of prolonged bleeding.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. History of anticoagulant use
B. HaemophiliaA
C. Von Willebrand disease
C. Von Willebrand disease
Which of these are not a complication of essential thrombocythemia?
A) Stroke
B) Dizziness
C) Splenomegaly
D) Haemorrhage
D) Haemorrhage
Which cell counts are low in pancytopenia?
A - Neutrophils
B - Platelets
C - RBCs
D - All of them
D- All of them
What are the secondary causes of raised erythropoietin levels?
Low oxygen e.g. COPD
Tumours
Doping
High affinity Hb
All of the above
All of the above
Where is erythropoietin produced?
A) Liver and kidneys
B) Liver and bone marrow
C) Bone marrow and spleen
D) Spleen and kidneys
A) Liver and kidneys
A 25-year-old woman is referred to haematology due to a history of menorrhagia, easy bruising and recurrent nosebleeds. She recently attended the emergency department with epistaxis which required nasal cautery. Her blood tests are significant for a mild thrombocytopenia (110), a prolonged APTT (51 seconds) and a normal PT (13 seconds). What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Haemophilia A
B. Von Willebrand disease
C. Fibrinogen Deficiency
D. Haemophilia B
B. Von Willebrand disease
What is the single most important result in diagnosing essential thrombocythemia?
A) Platelets above 450 x 10^9
B) White blood cells above 560 x 10 9
C) High haematocrit level
D) Low MCV
A) Platelets above 450 x 10^9
Which of these is not a usual cause of pancytopenia?
A - Myeloma
B - Leukaemia
C – Haemophilia
D - Aplastic anaemia
C- Haemophilia
In primary polycythaemia, which gene usually has the mutation?
A) MPL
B) JAK2
C) CALR
B) JAK2
Which test forms the basis of the INR test (the way that a drug called warfarin is monitored)?
A) Warfarin monitoring system
B) International warfarin regulatory test
C) INRPT
D) PT
D) PT
A 16 year old female presents to her General practice with easy bruising, recurrent epistaxis and heavy periods. Her dentist recommended she visit the GP after she had a prolonged period of bleeding after a tooth extraction. She is given a referral to Haematology. She has a family history of a bleeding disorder. A week later on her way to her appointment she trips and sustains a laceration to her forearm that is bleeding mildly.
Given her likely diagnosis, what is the best treatment option?
A.Factor VIII Concentrate
B. Prothrombin complex concentrate
C.Desmopressin
D.Ibuprofen
C. Desmopressin
What is the mutation that is common in both essential thrombocythemia and polycythaemia rubra vera?
A) JAK2
B) HLA-B27
C) Chromosome 11p15
D) CFTR gene
A) JAK2
What condition is associated with itching especially after a hot shower?
A - Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
B - Polycythaemia Rubra Vera
C - CLL
D - Beta thalassaemia major
B- Polycythaemia Rubra Vera
Which of the following is NOT a cause of polycythaemia?
A) Polycystic kidney disease
B) Hepatocellular carcinoma
C) Primary polycythaemia
D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
E) Hypothyroidism
C) Hypothyroidism
Which of the following is a primary cause of erythrocytosis?
A) Polycythemia alpha
B) Polycythemia vera
C) Polycythemia veto
D) Thalaessemia
B) Polycythaemia vera
A 5-year-old boy is admitted to the paediatric haematology ward for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. He is due to receive chemotherapy. Which of the following is a good prognostic factor in ALL?
a) Increasing age
b) Slower response to chemotherapy
c) Male gender
d) High white cell count
e) Hyperdiploid blast cells
e) Hyperdiploid blast cells