Ocean Processes
The distance between wave crests is called the
Wavelength
What is the number and extent of people, property and other assets that will be affected by the hazard event?
Risk = Hazard × Exposure × Vulnerability
What is the zone where photosynthesis can occur due to sufficient light penetration?
Photic Zone
What type of ecosystem service refers to "services related to climate regulation?
Regulating Service
This phenomenon is characterized by warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures, while this one is characterized by colder-than-average sea surface temperatures
What is the primary difference between El Niño and La Niña?
Which direction does the Coriolis effect cause the Northern and Southern hemispheres to turn?
Counter-clockwise in the Northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern hemisphere
Where within a tropical cyclone can one typically find the most intense wind speeds and rainfall?
The eyewall of the storm
Which type of diversity is primarily concerned with different habitats, niches, and species interactions?
Ecological diversity
How do interactions and feedbacks challenge assumptions in SES?
by showing that changes in one part of the system can disproportionately impact other components
The horizontal movement of surface waters driven by wind and the Coriolis effect
Ekman Transport
What is the primary driving force behind the Thermohaline Circulation, also known as the Global Conveyor Belt?
temperature and salinity changes
What is characterized as a low-pressure systems that organize and strengthen?
tropical cyclones
How is genetic diversity typically measured?
The amount of DNA in one copy of a species’ chromosomes
What type of ecosystem service is defined by the products we obtain from coastal and marine resources that are often traded in markets?
Provisioning services
What role does the ocean play in the carbon cycle?
Acting as a biological pump, transporting organic carbon and nutrients to aphotic zones
What combination of factors leads to the formation of ocean currents and the movement of ocean water?
Earth's rotation, solar radiation, and wind patterns
climate change indicator primarily associated with the threat of ocean acidification and its harmful effects on marine species with calcium carbonate shells
the relative abundance of species in a community
Species evenness
abrupt and often irreversible changes in the structure, function, or behavior of a complex system
Regime Shifts
What aquatic photosynthesizer can cause eutrophication if heightened nutrient levels allow it to grow out of control?
phytoplankton
When do the highest high tides typically occur?
Full moon phase
Which wind pattern blows from the equator toward a low-pressure region at around 60-degree latitude in the Northern Hemisphere?
Ferrel Cell Wind
Characterized by high levels of species richness and endemism
Biodiversity hotspot
the susceptibility of a system, whether ecological or social, to harm or damage from external stressors, disturbances, or changes.
Vulnerability
Since 2014, what percentage of the world's ocean surface has consistently exceeded historical heat thresholds, with 2019 recording extreme heat in 57% of global waters?
50%