Erosion, Deposition, and Transportation
This process occurs when air is forced into cracks in rocks, increasing pressure and breaking them apart.
What is hydraulic action?
Coral reefs are found in tropical waters between these two latitudes.
What is the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn?
Coastal management strategies are divided into these two main categories.
What are hard engineering and soft engineering?
This type of survey records changes in beach shape over time.
What is beach profiling?
Groynes are used to prevent this coastal process.
What is longshore drift?
The movement of sediment along the coast due to wave action is called this.
What is longshore drift?
This type of coastal vegetation is specially adapted to grow in saltwater and stabilise coastlines.
What are mangroves?
This approach allows areas of low economic value to flood naturally rather than using defences.
What is managed retreat?
The direction and speed of longshore drift can be measured using this technique.
What is a float test (or using an orange and timing its movement)?
This hard engineering method absorbs wave energy but can cause wave reflection and beach erosion.
What is a sea wall?
Name one landform resulting from differential erosion of alternating hard and soft rock along a coastline.
What is a headland and bay (or a discordant coastline)?
Explain why rising sea temperatures threaten coral reefs.
What is coral bleaching, caused by the loss of symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae)?
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) takes into account environmental, social, and this type of factor when managing coastlines.
What is economic?
Beach material is usually larger and more angular near cliffs due to this process.
What is attrition being less effective closer to the source?
Name a coastal engineering strategy that is sustainable and works with natural processes.
What is beach nourishment or managed retreat?
A spit is formed when longshore drift carries sediment beyond a headland. What feature can develop behind it due to reduced wave energy?
What is a salt marsh?
Name two ways that mangrove forests protect coastlines from erosion and extreme weather events.
What is absorbing wave energy and trapping sediment?
Give one example of a conflict between human development and coastal conservation.
What is tourism damaging coral reefs, or urban development destroying mangroves?
Explain why systematic sampling might be used instead of random sampling when measuring beach profiles.
What is to ensure even coverage and avoid clustering of data points?
Explain why offshore breakwaters can help protect a coastline from erosion.
What is they reduce wave energy before waves reach the shore, reducing erosion?
Explain why destructive waves contribute more to erosion than deposition.
What is because they have high energy, strong backwash, and a short wavelength?
Coastal ecosystems often act as carbon sinks. Explain what this means.
What is they absorb and store carbon dioxide, helping to reduce greenhouse gases?
Why do some coastal defences, such as groynes, increase erosion further along the coast?
What is because they interrupt sediment transport, leading to increased erosion downstream (terminal groyne syndrome)?
Why is it important to collect both quantitative and qualitative data in coastal fieldwork?
What is to get both numerical evidence and human perceptions for a more complete study?
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a sea wall as a coastal defence.
What is they provide strong protection but are expensive, require maintenance, and can cause beach erosion due to wave reflection?