Types of Coastlines
Often exhibit a gently sloping topography and may lack prominent coastal features like cliffs or headlands due to the gradual inundation by the sea.
Submergent Coastline
The movement of water up the beach slope after a wave breaks and reaches the shoreline.
Swash
The break down of minerals to form new clay minerals, plus materials in solution, due to the effect of water and dissolved CO2.
Hydrolysis
A drowned glacial valley for example, Geiranger in Norway. Usually very steep with a depth of over 1000m.
Fiord/Fjord
A closed system with a series of inputs, transfer and sinks.
Sediment/Littoral cell
An example of a _______ coastline in the UK is the Jurassic coast in southern England. This coastline, located along the English Channel in the counties of Dorset and East Devon, features alternate bands of hard and soft rock layers.
Discordant
The distance across open water that wind has traveled before generating waves. A longer _____ typically results in larger and more powerful waves.
Fetch
Trees and plant roots growing in cracks and fissures forcing rocks apart.
Biological Weathering
An example of this feature can be found in Cornwall and Suffolk. This is a drowned river valley.
Ria
Marine organisms is an example of _____ in a sediment cell.
Inputs/Source
One example of ________ coastline is the North Norfolk coast in eastern England. This is characterized by features such as raised beach, sand dunes and salt marshes.
Emergent coastline
Also known as a surging wave, is a type of ocean wave that carries sediments onto the beach, resulting in the buildup or accretion of the shoreline.
Constructive wave
The addition of oxygen to minerals, especially iron compounds, which produces iron oxides and increases volume contributing to mechanical breakdown.
Oxidation
A remnant of a landform or feature left behind after erosion or other natural processes have significantly reduced it.
Stump
______ are locations where the dominant process is deposition and depositional landforms are created, including spits and bars.
Sinks
The Lulworth Cove and Stair Hole area along the Jurassic coast in Dorset, England is and example of ______ coastline. This region exhibits a series of coves and bays that are formed with a band of relatively homogenous rock, namely chalk and limestone.
Concordant
The lowest point between two successive wave crests
Trough
A type of mass movement where rock fragments detach from a steep slope or cliff face and fall freely through the air before landing on the ground below. A notable example occurred 2016, Jurassic coast in Dorset.
Rock Fall
Landscape where there has been significant uplift or changes in the level of the land relative to the sea level. The Purbeck Hills in Dorset is an example of one.
Relic cliff
When the change produced creates effects that operate to reduce or work against the original change.
Negative feedback
________ coasts are affected by long term processes such as tectonics and climate change.
Primary coasts
Also known as an erosional wave, a type of ocean wave that removes sediment from the shoreline, leading to the erosion or removal of beach material.
Destructive wave
This type of movement averages 5cm to 1m a year. It mainly occurs in tundra areas, where the ground is frozen.
Solifluction
The Isle of Arran off the west coast of Scotland is one example. This feature was once at sea level but has been lifted above the current sea level due to tectonic forces or changes in sea level.
Raised beaches
When the change produces an effect that operates to increase the original change
Positive feedback