Sensory Receptors
The process of converting a specific type of energy, like light or soundwaves, into neural activity.
What is trandsduction?
The axons of these retinal cells bundle together to form the optic nerve.
What are ganglion cells?
The Geniculostriate pathway is considered the "what" pathway in vision, because it is critical for perceiving these two visual features.
What are color and visual details?
This brain area, crucial for color perception, helps us experience color constancy.
What is Area V4?
Densely packed in the fovea, these photoreceptors are responsible for high-acuity color vision.
What are cones?
This structure in the thalamus is the primary relay station for visual information in the Geniculostriate pathway.
What is the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)?
In the auditory cortex, this region processes nonspatial spectral cues, forming the auditory "what" stream.
What is anterior A1?
A patient with this condition, like patient D.F., has a deficit in recognizing objects despite intact vision.
What is visual form agnosia?
In the cochlea, these hair-like receptors transduce sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.
What are cilia (or hair cells)?
Information from both eyes is first integrated in this cortical area.
What is V1 (primary visual cortex)?
Sometimes called V5, this extrastriate visual area is critical for processing motion.
What is area MT?
The "Greebles" study showed that this area can develop expertise for novel objects, not just faces.
What is the Fusiform Face Area (FFA)?
The cochlea contains this type of map, where different sound frequencies systematically stimulate different physical locations along it.
What is a tonotopic map?
Involving the superior colliculus and pulvinar, this fast-acting pathway is sensitive to motion and objects in the visual periphery.
What is the tectopulvinar pathway?
M-type (magnocellular) ganglion cells, which detect coarse patterns and rapid motion, primarily send their input to this visual pathway.
What is the Tectopulvinar pathway?
These cells in V1 respond to bars of light, but only when they have a specific one of these.
What is orientation?
These two types of mechanoreceptors are slow-adapting and are responsible for the sensation of steady pressure on the skin.
What are Merkel cells and Ruffini endings?
These neurons, located in layer 6 of V1, project back to the LGN, providing feedback from the cortex to the thalamus.
What are corticogeniculate neurons?
In the auditory system, this part of the cochlear nucleus is essential for binaural integration and the localization of sounds.
What is the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus (VCN)?
According to DiCarlo et al., the ventral stream transforms visual input into these low-dimensionality representations to achieve stable object recognition.
What are manifolds?