General Cognition
While studying, Maya notices she remembers vocab better when she quizzes herself and changes her study strategy.
Metacognition
A student identifies the correct answer on a multiple-choice test.
Recognition
You remember a phone number just long enough to dial it.
Short-Term Memory
A student consciously remembers historical facts for an exam.
Measures general mental abilities.
Intelligence Test
A child understands that apples, bananas, and oranges all belong to the same category of items you can eat for a snack.
Concept OR Schema
A person retains information from past experiences and uses it later.
Memory
The part of thinking that directs attention and coordinates mental tasks.
Remembering your own birthday without trying.
Automatic Processing
Measures what someone has already learned.
Achievement Test
People are more likely to buy meat labeled “90% lean” than “10% fat.”
Framing
It takes less time to memorize Spanish vocabulary the second time than the first.
Relearning
An adult remembers how to ride a bike learned in childhood.
Long-Term Memory
Past experiences influence behavior without conscious awareness.
Implicit Memory
Using vocabulary and facts learned over time.
Crystallized Intelligence
After learning zebras are different from horses, the toddler creates a new category for them.
Accomodation
A student turns lecture material into mental images to help remember it.
Encoding
A student mentally rearranges numbers while solving a math problem.
Working Memory
A sparkler leaves a brief visual trail after it moves.
Iconic Memory
Long-term perseverance toward a meaningful goal.
GRIT
A student predicts they’ll ace a test without studying and ends up failing.
Overconfidence
While driving, a person simultaneously notices traffic lights, listens to music, and watches pedestrians.
Parallel Processing
A person mentally rotates a puzzle piece to see where it fits.
Visuospatial Sketchpad
You ask “What?” but then realize you heard the question.
Echoic Memory
Solving a brand-new logic puzzle.
Fluid Intelligence