Perception
This phenomenon decreases our sensitivity to constant stimuli over time,
What is sensory adaptation?
This type of problem-solving strategy guarantees a correct solution by systematically testing every possible option, but it can be time-consuming.
What is an algorithm?
This is the first stage of language development, characterized by infants spontaneously making sounds that include phonemes from all languages.
What is the babbling stage?
This type of memory refers to the temporary storage of information that can last from a few seconds to a minute, often used for holding information in mind for immediate use.
What is short-term memory?
This theory, proposed by Howard Gardner, suggests that people have multiple intelligences, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial intelligence.
What is the theory of multiple intelligences?
This type of processing is influenced by experience and expectations, while its counterpart relies solely on sensory input.
What is top-down processing?
This cognitive bias limits a person’s ability to use objects only in the way they’re traditionally used, often hindering creative solutions.
What is functional fixedness?
This aspect of grammar involves the rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences.
What is syntax?
This type of forgetting occurs when information is lost due to the failure to retrieve it from long-term memory.
What is retrieval failure?
This refers to this phenomenon, where the average IQ score in many countries has been rising over the past century.
What is the Flynn Effect?
This type of depth cue, used when watching 3D movies, is based on the slight difference between the images each eye receives.
What is retinal disparity?
This occurs when people estimate the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind, often leading to biased judgments.
What is the availability heuristic?
Typically occurring around 12 months, this milestone involves a child using a single word to convey a complete thought.
What is the one-word stage?
This condition involves the inability to form new long-term memories after a traumatic event, while past memories may remain intact.
What is anterograde amnesia?
This refers to the consistency of a test's results over time, meaning the test yields similar results when administered repeatedly under similar conditions.
What is reliability?
This principle explains why we perceive objects that are close to each other as belonging to the same group
What is the principle of proximity?
This leads individuals to seek out and favor information that aligns with their pre-existing beliefs, while ignoring contradictory evidence.
What is confirmation bias?
These are the smallest units of meaning in a language, such as prefixes, suffixes, and root words.
What are morphemes?
This phenomenon occurs when false memories are formed due to the incorporation of misleading information after an event.
What is the misinformation effect?
This process ensures that a test is administered and scored in the same way for all individuals, allowing for meaningful comparisons of scores.
What is standardization?
This term describes the tendency to perceive certain aspects of a stimulus based on prior knowledge, expectations, or context.
What is perceptual set?
This effect influences people's decisions based on how information is presented, such as emphasizing potential gains versus losses.
What is framing?
This hypothesis, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, suggests that the language we speak influences the way we think.
What is linguistic relativity?
This process refers to the strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity, thought to play a crucial role in the formation of long-term memories.
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?
This phenomenon occurs when individuals underperform on a task because they are anxious about confirming negative stereotypes about their group.
What is stereotype threat?