Theories & Approaches
This theoretical orientation emphasizes people’s thought processes and knowledge
What is Cognitive Approach?
This technique measures blood flow by injecting participants with a low dose of radioactive chemicals.
What is Pet scan?
This uses previous knowledge to interpret stimuli registered by the senses.
What is perception?
This philosopher examined perception, memory, and mental imagery.
Who is Aristotle?
This part of the visual system is responsible for converting light into neural signals.
What is the retina?
Carefully trained observers report their reactions to stimuli without relying on prior knowledge. This is called __.
What is introspection?
This technique records the brain’s brief electrical activity fluctuations in response to stimuli.
What is Event-Related Potential (ERP) Technique?
A tree in the park serves as an example of this type of stimulus.
What is a distal stimulus?
This approach argues that mental processes are like the operations of a computer.
What is the information-processing approach?
This type of processing starts with sensory input and builds toward a complete perception.
What is bottom-up processing?
This approach emphasizes that humans actively organize what we see, and that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
What is Gestalt Psychology?
During object/pattern recognition, the brain identifies sensory stimuli and separates patterns from the background.
What is object/pattern recognition?
The image your pen creates on your retina is an example of this type of stimulus.
What is a proximal stimulus?
Hermann Ebbinghaus is known for controlled experiments, but this psychologist focused on everyday experiences.
Who is William James?
This theory suggests that humans use context and prior knowledge to interpret sensory information.
What is top-down processing?
This approach aims to design a program to accomplish a cognitive task as efficiently as possible.
What is Pure Artificial Intelligence?
500: This brain storage system records sensory information with reasonable accuracy.
What is sensory memory?
This process involves identifying a complex arrangement of sensory stimuli as separate from the background.
What is pattern recognition?
The cognitive approach emerged in reaction to this focus on observable behavior.
What is behaviorism?
Speech perception is unique due to these characteristics, such as variability and the ability to separate speech sounds from background noise.
What are the characteristics of speech perception?
This type of study is high on ecological validity when its conditions are similar to real-world settings.
What is a study with high ecological validity?
This technique provides detailed images of brain activity by measuring blood oxygenation.
What is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?
Sensory memory preserves this type of stimulus briefly after it disappears.
What is iconic memory?
The interdisciplinary study of cognition is known as this.
What is cognitive science?
In the recognition-by-components theory, these basic 3D shapes combine to form complex objects.
What are geons?