Cognition 101
Define a concept
Mental groupings of similar objects, people, ideas, or events
The process of experimenting with various methods of doing something until one finds the most successful.
Trial and Error
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to look for and favor evidence that confirms our ideas while avoiding or ignoring evidence to the contrary.
Define a Prototype
Mental image or pinnacle example of a certain thing
Logical, methodical, step-by-step procedure that eventually guarantees a solution, but may be slow to work
Algorithm
What is this a definition of: Once we form a belief (especially emotionally charged or identity-based ones), we resist changing it, even when shown strong contradictory evidence.
Belief Perseverance
What did cognitive psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman research and discover
They found that people belive an event will be more likely to occur if they can conjure up examples or memories of it
Simple strategy that allows us to solve problems faster, although more error-prone than an algorithm
Heuristic
What term is this an example of: Saying a treatment has a 90% survival rate vs. a 10% death rate—the numbers are the same, but people prefer the positive frame.
Framing