Category 1
This term refers to the mental processes involved in thinking, understanding, learning, and communicating.
Cognition
Is a system of words, sounds, or signs that we use to communicate and express our thoughts or feelings.
Language
Who developed the first intelligence test in France to identify children who needed academic help?
Alfred Binet
What type of problem-solving involves a sudden “aha!” moment?
Insight
This system of thinking is fast, automatic, and emotional—often used when reacting instinctively.
System 1
According to Piaget, which comes first—thinking or speaking?
Thinking comes first.
What is the formula used to calculate IQ in the original Stanford-Binet Test?
IQ= (Mental Age/Chronological Age) x 100
What is a major drawback of using heuristics to solve problems?
They can sometimes lead to wrong conclusions.
In Kosslyn’s 1978 study, participants took longer to mentally scan larger images, showing that these images function like real ones.
Mental Images
Refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one’s own emotions and empathize with others.
Emotional Intelligence
What is the Adult version of the Wechsler intelligence test called?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Which problem-solving strategy involves starting from the goal and tracing steps backward?
Working Backward
When someone says “fruit,” you might picture an apple first. That apple represents this mental shortcut.
Prototype
Is the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language.
Grammar
What field of psychology studies how brain injuries affect behavior, memory, and thinking?
Neuropsychology
Which type of thinking focuses on generating many possible solutions?
Divergent Thinking
When you walk into a room and forget why you went there, you’ve just experienced a brief lapse in this cognitive process.
Memory
Who proposed the idea of a Language Acquisition Device (LAD)?
Noam Chomsky
What are the four main qualities of a good intelligence test?
Reliability, validity, standardization, and norms.
What are the basic units of sound in a language?
Phonemes