Concepts
Why do we use concepts? (3)
- They help us organize information
- They are efficient
- They help us make sense of new information
Using a math formula to solve a problem is an example of what kind of problem-solving method?
Algorithm
Say you get locked in your office and all you have to get out is the contents of your desk. You could use a paper clip to try to pick the lock but you do not think of this because you only think of paper clips as being used to hold paper together. This is an example of _____
Functional fixedness
In what part of the brain is facial recognition located?
Fusiform gyrus, right temporal lobe
Organize these into superordinate, basic, and subordinate
Toyota, vehicle, car
vehicle, car, Toyota
A specific shape, such as a square, and the criteria that make it a square (4 sides, 4 right angles) is an example of what kind of concept?
An artificial concept
deciding to avoid all eggs when a brand recalls due to a salmonella outbreak is an example of what kind of problem-solving?
Heuristics
What is stereotype bias?
When a member of a negatively stereotyped group underperforms due to the stress of the stereotype being used to justify their poor performance
We recognize faces of those from our own race better than those from different races because of ____
Which state of problem-solving is the solution?
The goal state
Organize these into superordinate, basic, and subordinate categories
boning knife, utensil, knife
superordinate: utensil
basic: knife
subordinate: boning knife
A problem consists of these features (4)
- initial state
- goal state
- set of rules
- usually obstacles
Mark spends a lot of time watching the news and he believes that he is incredibly likely to die in a plane crash or in a natural disaster but not from heart disease (the leading cause of death in the USA). This is an example of _____
The availability heuristic
Which involves distortion? The inversion effect or the Thatcher illusion?
The thatcher illusion
A corn maze is an example of a _____
Well-defined problem
Some people might consider a golden retriever as a _____ for dogs
Prototype
Trying to solve a fight between two of your friends is an example of what kind of problem?
Ill-defined
Which makes you more likely to take a risk? Gain frame or loss frame?
Loss frame
What is holistic processing
The determining of relationships between features at encoding
The projector in Gen Psych crashes again and Shiah and Blair start randomly pressing buttons hoping it will fix it. This is an example of what kind of problem-solving?
Heuristic
The idea of "honor" is an example of what kind of concept?
A natural concept
Making brownies from a box and following all the steps laid out on the back of the box is an example of what kind of problem-solving method?
Algorithm
Sarah attends a debate about whether or not the school should build a new library. She believes that they should but wants to hear others' opinions. After the debate, she feels the group debating in favor of the new library did very well and still agrees with them. This is an example of ____
My side bias
Why does inversion disrupt recognition?
Because it disrupts holistic processing, features must be processed in isolation
Some people believe that the flu shot can give them the flu because they get the flu shortly after getting the shot. This is an example of _____
An illusory correlation