A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
What is an algorithm?
100
The tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs and judgments.
What is overconfidence?
100
In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
What is grammar?
100
The method of organizing information into meaningful units.
What is chunking?
100
The psychologist who believed that language acquisition is no different than the acquisition of any other behavior (based on operant conditioning).
Who is B.F. Skinner?
200
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently.
What is a heuristic?
200
The tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid.
What is belief bias?
200
In a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
What is a phoneme?
200
The tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list.
What is the serial position effect?
200
The psychologist who believed that language was inborn.
Who is Chomsky?
300
A tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions.
What is confirmation bias?
300
Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
What is belief perseverance?
300
In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word
What is a morpheme?
300
The part of the brain that helps process explicit memories for storage.
What is the hippocampus?
300
The psychologist who coined the term "linguistic determinism" to describe how language determines the way we think.
Who is Whorf?
400
A tendency to perceive the functions of objects as fixed and unchanging.
What is functional fixedness?
400
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
What is an availability heuristic?
400
A developmental stage from 3 to 4 months during which an infant spontaneously utters sounds at first unrelated to the household language.
What is the babbling stage?
400
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.
What is echoic memory?
400
The psychologist who first discovered the learning curve and spacing effect.
Who is Ebbinghaus?
500
A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem.
What is a mental set?
500
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes.
What is a representativeness heuristic?
500
A type of speech where simple two-word, noun-verb sentences are used.
What is telegraphic speech?
500
An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation.