Memory
Free recall tasks
How does risk perception change across adulthood?
Younger adults tend to be more risk-seeking than older adults
Older adults are more likely to focus on positive information than negative information. What is this phenomenon called?
Positivity Effect
In which type of test are older adults most likely to experience stereotype threat?
Memory!
Who knows what attention is?
Noone!
Which Theory holds that older adults can compensate for neural loss?
CRUNCH
Which letter best describes Kahneman & Tvirsky's Prospect Theory?
S
Which brain region is associated with both emotion regulation and memory processes, and often shows age-related changes?
Amygdala
What is one way instructors can frame tasks to minimize stereotype threat in older adults?
Presenting tasks as opportunities to learn rather than as evaluations of ability
Which type of attention involves focusing on one task while ignoring distractions?
Selective attention
What does Prospective Memory refer to?
Memory for intentions
In high-stakes decision-making, older adults often outperform younger adults. What is one reason for this?
Greater reliance on life experience or emotional regulation skills
True or False: Older adults experience less intense emotions than younger adults.
False!
(Explanation: Older adults experience emotions just as intensely but are better at regulating them.)
True or False: Younger adults are immune to stereotype threat
False!
What brain region, critical for attention, shows age-related decline in functioning?
Prefrontal Cortex
Which form of memory is least affected by aging?
Procedural memory
Name one real-world domain where decision-making in older adults is critically important.
Health Decision Making
When recalling emotional events, older adults are more likely to remember details of which type of events: positive, negative, or neutral?
Positive events!
How can we avoid stereotype threat in a memory study with younger and older adults?
Having separate test sessions for younger and older adults
What is the opposite of bottom up attention?
Top down!
According to Salthouse (1994), what is a main factor contributing to lower working memory capacity in older adults?
Processing speed
Older adults may have difficulty weighing all options in complex decisions. What is one strategy they use to simplify the process?
Eliminating less important options early on (satisficing)
Name one mechanism that explains why older adults prioritize positive information in attention and memory.
Socioemotional selectivity theory!
How does stereotype lift (the opposite of stereotype threat) influence performance in older adults?
It improves performance by activating positive stereotypes about aging, such as wisdom or experience.
What do attention and resources have in common?
They're hard to define!