Theories of Emotion
The purpose of emotions
What is to motivate behavior?
Part of the brain responsible for higher-level reasoning (e.g. reasoning, problem solving)
What is the prefrontal cortex?
Humans tend to remember __ more than detail
What is meaning?
The brain region that allows us to reflect on our circumstances and select actions
What is the PFC?
What is five?
Proposed the "feeling" theory of emotions
Descartes
Involves extracting operators used to solve one problem and applying them to another
What is analogy?
Region of the brain that abstracts meaning
The main neurotransmitter involved in decision making
What is dopamine?
Piaget's first stage of development
What is sensory motor?
The same event can cause different emotions depending on the person and the circumstances
What is the event problem?
What is backup avoidance?
Most important for learning
What is depth of processing?
Says there are 2 systems that humans use to make decisions: System 1 is fast and automatic, System 2 is slow and logical
What is dual process theory?
IQ scores appear to rise about 3 points every decade
What is the Flynn Effect?
What distinguishes emotions
What are appraisals?
What is functional fixedness?
Two most important regions of the brain for memory
What are the hippocampus and PFC?
Neglecting the base rate
What is overestimating the frequency of a rare disease?
What is pruning?
The five basic emotions
What are sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and happiness?
What is difference reduction/ hill climbing?
Abstractions that can be used to make inferences about instances of the concepts they represent
What are schemas?
The bias where our decisions are influenced by how information is presented
What is framing bias?
What is preoperational?
Proposed early traumatic thoughts, events, or wishes form a “pathogenic nucleus” around which memories are linked
Who is Freud?
In this type of reasoning, conclusions follow with certainty from the premises
What is deductive reasoning?
For those with amnesia, declarative memory is impaired but __ memory is preserved
What is implicit memory?
Bias where you believe what comes to mind first
What is availability bias?
In terms of neural development, these two things increase most after age 2
What are glial cells and myelination?
Proposed that emotion experienced was dependent on how the person explained the state of arousal
Who are Schachter and Singer?
You are having issues solving a problem, you take a break and come back to it and find the solution. This is...?
What is incubation effect?
What are scripts?
Formula for calculating the probability of an event based on prior knowledge of conditions related to the event
What is Bayes Theorem?
We would expect performance in this cognitive ability to remain most stable across the lifetime
What is vocabulary?
Said emotions help prioritize goals
Oatley & Johnson-Laird Appraisal Theory
Modus Ponens
What is a valid deduction/ method for affirming?
This type of symbol system theory states that elements are inherently nonperceptual
What is the amodal system?
Assumes rational behavior, assesses the consequences of different actions, weighs the utilities by likelihood, choose the option with the highest expected utility
What is the expected utility model?
This cognitive ability decreases as we age
What is reasoning or problem solving?
Most associated with learned helplessness
Who was Seligman?
Affirmation of the consequent is...
What is an invalid deduction?
Growing emphasis on understanding the contribution of the environment and our bodies to shaping our cognition
What is embodied cognition?
Two components in the recipe for a good decision
What are mindfulness meditation and de-biasing?
Theorized intelligence is comprised of crystallized, fluid, and spatial components
What is Cattel and Horn's theory of intelligence?
List three cognitive distortions
What are... all or nothing thinking, overgeneralization, mental filter, disqualifying the positive, emotional reasoning, labelling, personalization, etc.
States that logical terms used in a syllogism predispose you to accept conclusions w/ the same terms
What is the atmosphere hypothesis?
What is interference?
Area of the brain most involved in reflexive reward processing
What is the basal ganglia?
Theory that a major factor in increasing working memory capacity is due to increased speed of neural function
What is neo-Piagetian theory?