Intelligence
theories
theories
A single factor that accounts for intelligence across individuals. For example, those who are good at math are also likely good at writing and problem-solving
Smallest unit of sound in language. For example: "th" or "k"
What are phonemes?
Drinking, smoking, medication, etc. All harm the health and development of the fetus
What is a teratogen?
This yields consistent results. If you take a test in the morning, it will have the same or similar results in the afternoon
What is reliability?
In humans, it can affect the structure of our brains. Children who are neglected have smaller brains.
What is the critical period?
Theorizes that there are two types of intelligence, crystallized and fluid
What is Cattell's two-component theory?
The smallest unit of meaning in a word. For example, "s" makes a word plural
What are morphemes?
Stroking a baby's foot makes their toes fan out
What is the Babinsky/Planter reflex?
A test measures what it is meant to measure. For example, an agility test measures how agile someone is, rather than intelligence.
What is validity?
Occurs in 60-70% of infants. Infants use their parents as a base and explore while they are around. They cry while their mother is away and stop when their mother returns.
What is a secure attachment style?
Knowledge about the world in Cattell's two-component theory
What is crystallized knowledge?
The connection between a word and what the word means. For example, reading the word cup and knowing that is a thing you drink liquid out of.
What are semantics?
A baby spreads their arms out when they think they are falling or being dropped
What is the Moro/Startle reflex?
An experiment in which a child is placed in a new room with their mother, then a stranger enters and plays with the child. Study looked at how the child reacts to the mother leaving and coming back.
What is the strange situation experiment?
The infant does not use their parent as a secure base. They don't seem to care when their parent leaves or returns. This is a result of caregivers being inattentive to their child's needs.
What is an anxious-avoidant attachment style?
Believes there are three types of intelligence, analytical, creative, and practical.
What is Sternberg's Triarchic Theory?
The basic rules of how to order things in a sentence. Changes among languages. For example "2+2=4" rather than "=+224"
What is syntax?
Babies naturally cling to objects
What is the grasping or gripping reflex?
An experiment in which there was a wire mother, supplying food, and a carpet mother, supplying warmth and comfort. Proved the importance of comfort
What is Harlow's Monkeys?
The infant will not explore, even with the parent present. They become upset when the parent leaves and are difficult to console when the parent returns. This happens as a result of inconsistencies in caregiving.
What is an anxious-ambivalent attachment style?
Believes in 8 types of intelligence; linguistic, logical/mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal.
What is Gardner's multiple intelligence theory?
The word unbreakable has three of these. Un (negates), break (action), able (ability)
What are morphemes?
Touching the cheek of a baby makes them naturally turn their head towards the stimulus, ready to eat.
What is the rooting reflex?
This theory includes 4 stages; sensimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
These infants freeze or crawl around erratically. They run away when their mother returns. This happens as a result of abuse, especially from the mother.
What is a disorganized attachment style?