Cognitive Processing Thinking & Decisions
This model of human cognition postulates that decision-making can be described as a function of both an intuitive, experiential, affective system (System I) and/or an analytical, rational system (System II).
What is the Dual-process model?
A vivid, long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event that has happened in the past.
What is flashbulb memory?
The tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information offered when making decisions...spurs an adjustment of estimation.
What is anchoring effect?
This model suggests that sensory information from the world enters sensory memory and stays here for a few seconds and only a very small amount of the information will continue into the short-term memory (STM) store.
What is Multi-Store Model of Memory?
Which study aimed to study the role of emotion in the creation of memories.
What is McGaugh and Cahill (1995)?
Going with one's first instinct and reaching decisions quickly based on automatic cognitive processes.
What is Intuitive thinking (System 1)?
A heuristic in which people judge an experience largely based on how they felt at its peak (i.e., its most intense point) and at its end, rather than based on the total sum or average of every moment of the experience.
What is the peak-end effect?
The process by which humans use mental shortcuts to arrive at quick decisions.
What is heuristics?
This model proposes that the “central executive” allocates data to other systems: the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.
What is Working Memory Model?
This researcher carried out a case study on patient HM that supported the assumption that STM and LTM are in different stores in the brain.
What is Milner?
The ability to consider the relevant variables of a situation and to access, organize, and analyze relevant information to arrive at a sound conclusion.
What is rational Thinking (System 2)?
A small spike in this hormone can aid memory processing but too much will interfere with it.
What is adrenaline?
This is when people react to a particular choice in different ways depending on how it is presenting judgments during decision making.
What is framing effect?
Mental representations that are derived from prior experience and knowledge, these help us to predict what to expect based on what has happened before.
What is schema?
This study aimed to implant a false memory that participants had been lost in a mall when they were young.
What is Loftus and Pickrell?
We call our brains this in that tend to minimize the amount of effort to think.
What is cognitive misers?
A theory of memory recall, in which the act of remembering is influenced by other cognitive processes including perception, past experience, imagination, and beliefs.
What is reconstructive memory?
the tendency to identify and focus only on evidence that supports a belief.
What is the confirmation bias?
This is a highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshot' of the moment and circumstances in which surprising and consequential news was learned about.
What is flashbulb memory?
What is articulatory suppression?
As shown in the study of HM, this type of memory is mostly likely guided by System 1 Thinking.
What is procedural memory?
This type of memory includes contextual information about experienced events, including how things looked, sounded, and smelled, as well as the emotions that were experienced.
What is episodic memory?
Used when we make a decision based on "what comes to mind." When asked: are there more English words with K in the first position or with K in the third position? - people will often say "in the first position" because these words come more easily to mind. It is actually the third position.
What is the availability heuristic?
When we restructure or modify our existing schema so that new information can fit in better.
What is accommodation?
"The researchers read fifteen lists of 15 words to participants and asked them to recall the words from each list in any order" [which study's procedure]
What is Glanzer and Cunitz (1966)?