Cognitive Biases
What are Cognitive Biases?
Confirmation, Hidsight, Outcome, and Expectancy
What is Confirmation Bias?
The tendency to seek, interpret, and create information that verifies existing beliefs
What is Belief Perseverance?
Maintaining beliefs even after they have been proven wrong
What is Cognitive Bias?
Systematic pattern to thinking that helps people make judgments or decisions
How can situational circumstances influence our engagement in confirmatory hypothesis testing?
When there is no strong belief
How are Confirmation Bias and Belief Perseverance different?
Confirmation Bias actively seeks out and interprets information that supports existing views, Belief Perseverance is where you stick to your original belief.
Hindsight Bias?
"I knew it all along"
New information influences our perception of the past
How to overcome Confirmation Bias?
Play devils Advocate, look at the situation through both lenses
What can Belief Perseverance lead into?
Hindsight Bias
Outcome Bias?
Effect of the new information on our perceptions
What is null hypothesis testing?
Testing to see if there is a relationship between two variables or if what occurred happened by chance
How are confirmation Bias and Belief Perseverance similar?
Expectancy Bias?
A person expectations to influence how they perceive information
why is Confirmation problematic?
We focus on what is correct when pursuing information, leaving out what may be incorrect
What is more closely associated with forming a biased belief rather than maintaining one after it has been disproven?
Confirmation Bias