Definition of Development
The changes a person goes through during their life
Development
True or False: the limbic system develops before the prefrontal cortex in adolescents
True (limbic system = emotion, prefrontal cortex = judgement)
The unfolding of biological changes that are genetically programmed
Maturation
Four factors that interact to influence changes in thinking
Biological maturation, activity, social experience and equilibration
Human activities can not be understood outside of their _______
Cultural Setting
This is dealt with a lot in a typical classroom
Speed/Pace of development
True or False: complex processes in the brain usually require one area of the brain.
False (complex processes require many areas working together)
the area between the child’s current performance and the level of performance the child could achieve with adult guidance
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
During this stage the child develops language and begins to represent objects
The Preoperational stage
These enable children to advance their own development as they use the tools
Psychological tools
Children's development happens in this order
logical order
The left hemisphere of the brain controls _______, while the right hemisphere controls _________
language processing; visual spatial processing
Piagat’s theory of how we are able to mentally represent the world around us through organized systems of action or thought.
Schemes
Infants develop object permanence during this stage
The sensorimotor stage
What creates our cognitive structures and thinking processes
Social interactions
This time frame is from _____ until _____ for each person
conception; death
The specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain.
Lateralization
The understanding that objects have a separate, permanent existence.
Object permanence
Two basic processes involved in adaptation
Assimilation and Accomodation
These are internalized by the child and become a part of that child's cognitive development
Co-constructed processes
Three continuing debates about development
1. Nature versus nurture
2. Continuity versus discontinuity
3. Critical versus sensitive periods
In infancy _________ is typically a better “teacher” than a school teacher or flashcards would be
A visually stimulating environment
Joint actions of individual biology and the environment—each shape and influences the other.
Coactions
One problem presented with the stage model
Lack of consistency in children's thinking/ stages seem too abrupt
This is an active process that does not have to wait for readiness
Learning