Experimental Studies
These researchers performed studies to determine when babies reach object permanence. Their findings suggest it occurs possibly as early as 3.5 months old.
Baillargeon & Devos (1991)
Googoogoogoo is an example of...?
Reduplicated babbling
This is the primary language of newborns.
Toddlers assume objects have a single label
Mutual exclusivity principle
These types of words include the names of objects, substances, animals, and people (i.e. ball, dog, water, man)
General nominals
This researcher studied infant's knowledge of number, finding that children seemed to be able to add and subtract small numbers.
Karen Wynn (1992)
This is a learning mechanism by which infants can scan their environment and determine regularities from it.
Statistical learning
This is the time during which babies develop naming insight.
Around 18 months
This is the process by which a child learns all the dimensions of meaning of a word. It usually takes several encounters to achieve it fully.
Extended mapping
This is how researchers measure surprise in infant experiments
Length of staring
These researchers found that infants can categorize animal stimuli when presented with actual objects or pictures of objects (ex: dogs vs. horses)
Quinn & Eimas (1996)
This is a time in which language must be mastered in order to become fluent in it.
Critical Period
Infants begin to babble around
6-9 months
Research on knowledge of number suggests that there are two core systems for understanding number. They are:
Numerical magnitudes and precisely small numbers
Remembering your first day of college is an example of what kind of memory?
Episodic memory
These researchers discovered that infants expect objects to be complete and whole, even if partially occluded from view (and were surprised if separate parts moved opposite of each other when partially blocked from view)
Kellman & Spelke (1983)
This domain refers to the study of speech sounds and sound systems of different language
Phonology
Infants begin to specialize their language sounds at what time?
Somewhere between 8-12m
This is the type of speech we use to speak with infants
Infant Directed Speech
They're unable to master language fluency, just like hearing children.
This researcher found that babies made the A-not-B error more often when they were not immediately allowed to reach for the hidden object.
Diamond (1985)
Intersubjectivity
Per Spelke, infants begin to demonstrate core knowledge at:
Birth!
Decontextualization
The term ________ are used to describe different sounds of speech.
Phones