Which group performed better one week later, the ones who were tested immediately, or those who only studied the first day?
Those who were tested.
100
Explain the prototype approach and give an example
compare stimuli to the average characteristics of all category members (example: drawn fish on a sheet of paper and compare that to other fish in real life)
100
definition of a phoneme and give an example
What is the smallest segment that, if changed, will affect the whole meaning
example: "a", "b", "Ch" "f", "oo"
100
Give an example of a phoneme exchange
"Fleaky Squoor"
100
Often we cannot categorize based on definitions, instead were rely on____________.
family resemblance. Using characteristic features rather than defining features.
200
Who performed better initially, the study group, or the tested group?
The tested group
200
Explain the exemplar approach and give an example
compare stimuli to the standard category member (example: using a bass to distinguish what other fish are suppose to look like)
200
definition of a morpheme and give an example
What is the smallest meaningful units of words, root words, or suffixes
examples: school, pre, -s, -ing, good
200
"When you hear something said a certain way, you're more likely to say it in that way too." What is this an example of?
Syntactic priming
200
Explain sentence verification
Researchers measure speed of subjects responses to yes/no sentences. Fastest for items high in prototypicality/near exemplar. Ex:A (golden retriever/alaskan malamute) is a dog. Golden retriever will get a yes answer faster.
300
What conclusion can we draw from the results of this experiment?
Testing helps long-term retention of information.
300
Types of Fruit: apple, banana, kiwi, pineapple, guava
With apple being most typical and guava being least typical this is an example of what
What is a production task
300
what are the three levels of analysis
phonology, syntax, semantics
300
What is an inference?
Understanding information that is not stated
300
Explain thinking about categories?
Creating a sentence and substituting a word to see if it still makes sense.
Ex: The birds were chirping. Substitute "penguins" for "birds". The penguins were chirping.
400
When there were three conditions, SSSS, SSST, and STTT, who remembered the most after 5 minutes?
SSSS
400
What happened in the mashed potato experiment and what were the results
2 groups: the neutral group in which they were only asked to name which objects were cups and which were bowls and the food context group in which they had to imagine the object filled with mashed potatoes and then asked to say which was a cup/bowl
Results:
-people in food context group were more likely to name bowls then people in the neutral group
-as opening got bigger, people were more likely to say it was a bowl
400
what happened in the waiting room experiment and what were the results
participants voices were recorded in waiting room before experiment, during experiment they heard their own individual words without context (full words, but not in a sentence, so couldn't understand the meaning)
results:
-participants could only identify about half of their own words
-improved performance for longer segments
400
What is lingustic performance?
People's actual use of the knowledge
400
What are Rosch's three levels of categories?
Superordinate, basic and subordinate
500
What were the name of the two researchers?
Roediger and Karpicke
500
If the basic level is a car, name the superordinate and subordinate of this hierarchy
What is vehicle (superordinate), BMW (Subordinate)
500
how many phonemes do we have in the English language
What is 47
500
Give an example of a perseveration
"A silly sistake."
Too many of the same phoneme
500
What were the results of the cough experiment?
In order to understand language were must start at a basic level. Small changes at ant level (such as a cough interrupting a sentence) can drastically alter the meaning of passages.