Neuroanatomy
The most posterior lobe of the human brain.
What is the occipital lobe?
This term describes descending pathways from the motor cortex.
What is efferent?
This type of memory is about events and concepts, the “what, where, and when” of stored information.
What is Declarative Memory?
The ability to hold information in our minds long enough to manipulate iit and do something with it.
What is working memory?
This disorder can be effectively treated in many patients with a mood stabilizer, such as lithium, while anti-depressant medications can have detrimental effects.
What is bipolar disorder?
The grooves of the brain.
What are sulci?
This motor area, located in the precentral gyrus, has a topical organization.
What is the Primary Motor Cortex?
Henry Molaison, or H.M., experienced this condition when his bilateral hippocampi were removed and took away his ability to form new memories.
What is anterograde amnesia?
This network is most active when people have an internal focus (e.g., daydreaming).
What is the default mode network?
The theory states that abnormal levels of one specific neurotransmitter plays a major role in the cause of schizophrenia.
What is the dopamine hypothesis?
This substance helps protect the brain from injury, helps remove waste, and is produced in the ventricles.
What is cerebral spinal fluid?
Lower level mechanisms can produce these movement without influence of higher level structures.
What are (Stretch) Reflexes?
This brain region, which contains the hippocampi, is referred to as the "hub of hubs" for its role integrating multiple brain inputs and coordinating learning and retrieval in many parts of the cortex.
What are the medial temporal lobes?
To assess inhibition and executive functioning, thigs test requires participants to inhibit reading words and instead state the color of ink the words are printed in.
What is the Stroop Task?
This psychoactive medication is often used to treat anxiety and depression because of its ability to increase serotonin levels by blocking reuptake.
What is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
This fissure divides the frontal and parietal lobes.
What is the central fissure?
What is the external loop?
OR
What is the motor loop of the cerebellum, parietal cortex, and premotor areas?
In the molecular systems of memory, this refers to when synaptic strength is increased and remains elevated, such as when a "memory trace" is strengthened.
What is long term potentiation, or LTP?
This brain region is involved in both the default mode network (dorsal) and emotion processing (anterior).
What is the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)?
These two types of validity are shown in the animal model for “despair” in which a rat is hung by its tail to see how long it will fight to get free and whether anti-depressant medication changes this behavior.
What is face and predictive validity?
The interior view of the brain you would have if you cut it lengthwise (i.e., front to back).
What is sagittal (or longitudinal)?
What are the Premotor and Supplemental motor areas?
This type of memory relies on the basal ganglia and is often retained even when patients experience anterograde and/or retrograde amnesia.
What is procedural memory?
Patients with damage to this area of the brain would be more likely to make riskier choices on the Iowa Gambling Task?
What is frontal lobe/orbitalfrontal lobe damage?
A decreased in goal-directed behavior seen in schizophrenia.
What is avolition?