A
An explanation of how we stored memory, proposing there are 3 separate memory store and information is transferred linearly. Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin
Multistore Memory Model
Describes short-term memory as a system with multiple components. Proposed by Baddeley and Hitch
Working Memory Model
Facts & experiences that you consciously know
Explicit memory (declarative memory)
An experimental methodology developed by George Sperling (1960) in the late 1950's. Participants were given a 3x3 grid and a tone sounded as soon as the letter disappeared.
Sperling partial report
STM’s capacity is limited, often thought to be about 7±2 items.
Miller's magic number 7
Way to facilitate our WM, by grouping individual bits of info into larger group
chunking
Strategies or techniques for effective memorization. They are used to improve memory to help students to learn and recall information.
Mnemonics
Imagine a place which can be envisioned in detail, such as a primary residence or childhood home. By walking through the location in the mind's eye the items can then be recalled.
Method of Loci
Massed practice vs Distribution practice
Spacing Effect
When deception is necessary in a study, what should researcher(s) do after the study?
debriefing
I learn the word dog by finding other words which rhythms with dog such as fog, log, etc.
Shallow Processing / Phonemic
I learn a new acquaintance by associating his name with some movie stars.
Deep processing / semantic
Making learning materials meaningful and refer them to our own experiences / prior knowledge
Self-reference effect
Part of the brain associated with new episodic memory
hippocampus (hippocampi)
Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia responsible for ............ memory
Implicit
Clear, sustained memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Flashbulb memory
Cortisol
Researchers will use ........... research method to study patients with brain damages.
Case study
A type of memory loss that occurs when you can't form new memories. Likely damage to hippocampus.
anterograde amnesia
A phenomenon in which the retrieval of memories is stronger when it occurs in the same environment or context in which the memories were originally formed.
Context-Dependent Memory
The phenomenon where memory retrieval is influenced by the individual's internal state during encoding
State-Dependent Memory
Tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.
Serial-position effect
The graph depicting how quickly we forget information over time if we make no attempt to retain it.
Ebbinghaus forgetting curve
Forgetting occurs when you cannot learn a new task because of an old task that had been learnt. When what we already know interferes with what we are currently learning – where old memories disrupt new memories.
Proactive interference
A memory error consisting of the production of fabricated, distorted, or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world.
Memory confabulation