Memory
People often experience this when trying to recall a particular word or name that they cannot quite access.
What is the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon?
Creative thinking method that expands the number of possible problem solutions.
What is Divergent Thinking?
Old information (learned previously) interfering with the retrieval of information learned more recently.
What is Proactive Interference?
The “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon.
What is Hindsight Bias?
The smallest unit of language that carries meaning. It can be a word or part of a word.
What is Morpheme?
The difficulty many people have recalling the details of common objects such as pennies can best be explained by a lack of this memory step.
What is Encoding?
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
What is an Algorithm?
An inability to form new memories.
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Inability to consider new information due to clinging to one’s initial conceptions or beliefs even in the face of contrary evidence.
What is Belief Perseverance?
A test that measures potential ability.
What is an Aptitude Test?
This type of memory includes personally experienced events, situations, experiences.
What is Episodic Memory?
Thinking about how we think.
What is Metacognition?
When learning new information interferes with the retrieval of older information.
What is Retroactive Interference?
When being more confidence than correct interferes with our ability to solve problems.
What is Overconfidence?
The increase in intelligence (IQ) testing scores over time is called . . .
What is the Flynn Effect?
Our tendency to best recall the first items in a list due to greater rehearsal.
What is the Primacy Effect?
The mental image or the best example of a category.
What is a Prototype?
Storage decay concept that proved close to 70% percent of information is forgotten with 24 hours of initially being learned.
What is The Forgetting Curve?
The inability to see a new use for an object.
What is Functional Fixedness?
Concept that language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us.
What is Linguistic Determinism?
This type of memory is used in our recall of how to ride a bike.
What is Procedural Memory?
A mental short cut that involves judging a situation based on examples of similar situations that come to mind initially.
What is an Availability Heuristic?
Eye-witness testimony has been proven to be unreliable due to this effect which occurs when misleading information has distorted one’s memory of an event.
What is the Misinformation Effect?
A type of fixation resulting in a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way (especially if that way that has been successful in the past).
What is a Mental Set?
Administering a test twice - to the same person - at two different points in time to prove consistency.
What is Test-Retest Reliability?