Important Names
Procedure that studies false memories.
What is the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) procedure?
Refers to past learning interferences with current learning.
Proactive Interference
The smallest unit of knowledge that can be either
true or false
What are Propositions?
Choosing the option with the greatest expected value.
What is utility maximization?
The drawing of conclusions based on a single case.
What is a "Man who" argument?
They experimented with the effects of context on word identification through spliced out words from participant's conversations.
Who is Pollack and Pickett?
This term refers to knowledge that
describes what is typical of a given situation.
What is a Schema?
The degree to which a particular object, situation, or event is typical for its kind.
What is Typicality?
The tendency to replace a more complex judgement with a simpler one.
What is attribute substitution?
The belief that an event is less likely to happen if it has occurred more frequently than expected.
What is the Gambler's Fallacy?
In 1926, He argued that creative thought proceeds in four stages: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
Who is Graham Wallas?
Banishing unwanted ideas, memories, and feelings from consciousness.
The tendency to be rigid in thinking about an object's function.
What is Functional Fixedness?
Two ways of thinking: fast and automatic, whereas the other is slower but more accurate.
What is the dual-process model?
The process in which you start with given premises and ask what follows from them.
What is Deduction?
He coined the theory of eight multiple intelligences: Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalist.
Who is Howard Gardner?
The amount of time that elapsed between initial learning and subsequent retrival.
What is Retention Interval?
An ability to move one’s thoughts in novel,
unanticipated directions.
What is Divergent Thinking?
The ease with which examples come to mind as an index of frequency or likelihood.
What is Availability Heuristic?
The process through which you forecast about new cases based on observed cases.
What is induction?
These two modified the original semantic theory that instead of hierarchies, semantic memory is organized by semantic distance (or relatedness).
Who is Collins and Loftus?
Refers to when the internal experience is triggered by an object, but incorrectly attributed to another.
What is Misattribution of familiarity?
Refers to how quickly one can verify a concept, dependent on pre-activated concepts.
What is Semantic Priming?
An assumption of homogeneity: an expectation that each individual is representative of the category overall.
What is a Representativeness Heuristic?
The tendency to to continue endorsing a belief even when disconfirming evidence is undeniable.
What is Belief Perseverance?