Classical / Operant Conditioning
Learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally produces a response.
classical conditioning
A _______ is a mental shortcut or rule of thumb used to make quick judgments.
heuristic
Who developed social learning theory?
Albert Bandura
A _______ is a framework of connected concepts used to organize and interpret information
Schema
____________ is the brain's ability to change its structure and functioning through experience.
neuroplasticity
_______ studied dogs' salivation and observed that they began responding to cues associated with food.
Ivan Pavlov
__________ bias is when someone relies too heavily on the first piece of information received.
Anchoring Bias
another name for social learning theory
Observational Learning
____________fits new information into an existing schema
Assimilation
This seahorse-shaped structure in the temporal lobe is essential for converting short-term memories into long-term declarative memories.
The hippocampus
This type of reinforcements strengthens a behavior and makes it more likely to occur again.
positive
___________ is fast and intuitive
____________ is slower, deliberate, and analytic
System 1
System 2
Are related to which theory?
Attention
Retention
Motor Reproduction
Motivation
Four modeling processes of social learning theory
__________ changes or creates a schema to fit new information
accommodation
_______ is the amount of information working memory can process at a given time.
Cognitive Load
The Little Albert experiment is an example of what type of conditioning?
Classical Conditioning
_____________ is favoring information that supports existing beliefs while giving less attention to contradictory evidence.
Confirmation Bias
Children who observed an aggressive adult showed more aggression in the study, especially boys who copied male models most. These results describe which famous study
Bandura's Bobo Doll Study
Understanding that other people have their own thoughts, beliefs, feelings, desires, and intentions.
Theory of mind
Compare reductionism and holism.
Reductionism explains complex behavior through smaller components; holism considers interactions among biological, cognitive, social, and environmental factors.
Distinguish positive reinforcement from negative punishment.
Positive reinforcement: add something to increase behavior
Negative Punishment: remove something to decrease behavior
Verbatim is to system 2 thinking as gist is to ____________
Evaluate one strength and one limitation of the Bobo doll study.
Strength: experimental control or replicability. Limitation: artificial setting, limited sample diversity, short-term measurement, or potential observer bias.
How does theory of mind help explain behavior?
It helps people interpret intentions, consider different perspectives, and avoid assuming they know why another person behaved a certain way.
Explain how stress, or sleep can influence cognition.
stress and cortisol interfere with attention or memory retrieval
sleep supports memory consolidation