Comparative Concepts
Power is concentrated in the national government, making policymaking more efficient.
Unitary system
Measures economic inequality
Gini index
Nominated by the prime minister & approved by the monarch.
House of Lords
Country that requires the chief executive to receive an absolute majority of the public's votes.
Iran and/or Russia
Economic liberalization policies in this country has prompted migration from the south to the north.
Mexico
Interest group system that promotes competition among autonomous groups not linked to the state.
Pluralist
Coastal areas established in 1980s to attract foreign direct investment.
Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
Limits the exercise of independent legislative power in Iran.
Guardian Council
Country that has two major political parties as a result of using SMD with FPTP rules.
UK and/or Nigeria
Great Firewall is used to censor the internet and limit criticism on social media.
China
China allowing some political protests acts as a _____ ____ for the public.
Release valve
Economic liberalization programs reduce the role of the government in the economy by doing this to corporations.
Privatization
Reserves five seats for religious minorities.
Majlis
Political parties are not well-established; more factional.
Iran
Regional cleavages have resulted in demands for greater autonomy and independence.
United Kingdom
A regime matures in its protection of civil rights and liberties and is unlikely to revert to an authoritarian regime.
Democratic consolidation
Problem faced by countries that have a valuable and abundant natural resource that limits diversification of the economy.
Resource curse
Shifted from presidential appointment to election following a 2024 constitutional reform (need country & institution).
Mexican judiciary
Uses a mixed SMD/PR system to elect its members.
Chamber of Deputies, Senate (Mexico), Duma
Officially possesses judicial review in its constitution, but it is not used to limit government power.
Russia
Interest group system that controls access to policymaking by relying on state-sanctioned groups to represent various sectors.
Corporatist
Enacting high tariffs to encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing.
Import substitution industrialization (ISI)
Actual power center in China.
Created an independent electoral commission to reduce corruption.
Mexico and/or Nigeria
Result of the corrupt 2009 presidential election in Iran.
Green Movement