Topic 1
Principal 2.4
Procrastination happens when what we need to do is not the most valuable option (to us, in that moment)
what is the classic spacing study?
Result:
- 0 and 1 day delay did best in practice, but worse on test
- 30 day delay did worst in practice but best on test
Conclusion: people who space it out more, do better in their final performance
List the basic survival needs, and how it affects our desicion making
autonomy, belongingness/relatedness, and competence
15
DR Congo
learning happens when our predictions are wrong. What principal is this?
Principal 3.1
What did we learn form the short vs long format classes study?
Setup:
- 8 week course
- 6 month course
Knowledge tested during and immodestly after course
Results:
- those who took 8 week course remembered less
- hose who took 6 month course remembered more (b/c learning is spaced out over longer time)
Why is ther a +1 added in the value equation?
→ if delay = 0, the results will be undefined; cant divide by 0
→ Makes mathematical sense and allows for the top numbers to be divisible
Indonesia
4
Principle 1.4
Elaborate new ideas and make connections with things you already know
what study teaches us about how elaboration helps with memorization and performance? How did it show this
The actors use of elaboration study
What do we learn from the appliances study? What principal can we connect this study to?
studies show that people's purchases devalue/discount future cost; only thinking about the 'now' rather than delayed. Principal 2.3 (D+1)
21
U.K
What is t key take away from the "Difficulty of Retrival" study
Increased difficulty leads to better results. Easy practice didn't retain anything after a week. More successful retrieval practices have better long term results.
What is the key take away from the sleep interference study?
Conclusion: sleeping protects memories from being interfered with by other memories
Describe ulysses's dilema and what we learn from it
Dilemma (window of stupidity):
- Ulysses wants to make it home → long delay
- but wants to hear the music → short delay
He pre-commits by anticipating window of stupidity and making decisions (getting tied to ship) ahead of time to remove making stupid decisions in the moment (getting trapped by sirens)
6
Nigeria
Describe the Complex motor skill study, and it's key takeaway
Key take away: Interleaving is worse during training but better during later tests
Participants learn complex motor skills
- goal: minimize response time
- 3 different tasks that each had a different pattern
- 6 practice sessions, then a retention test
2 conditions:
- blocked practice: grouped by task, w/ all the practice for one task being completed before doing other tasks
- random (interleaved) practice: all tasks mixed together so that the same task never occurred twice
- during training, blocked performed better
- during tests, from best to worst performance: BR, RR, BB, RB
- interleaving practice always performs better than blocked practice—in both tests
What topic is the "hungry Man" study in? What does it teach us?
Conclusion: performing the elaboration for yourself leads to better performance
Describe the self-efficacy study
how do people deal w/ challenges & difficulty overtime in response to errors?
- participants were given a cognitive motor task and were either then told:
1. "the task reflected their inherent aptitude" - fixed mindset
2. "it was an acquirable skill" - growth mindset
- change in perceived efficacy goes up consistently for group that was told it was an acquirable skill AND performance continues to increase
- after 2nd session the group told that the practice reflects their aptitude saw negative changes in perceived self-efficacy AND performance levels off
Tanzania
22