A&P
Which gland is the main controller of the body's metabolism?
Thyroid gland
Name 2 long-term complication of diabetes mellitus?
Neuropathy (neuropathic pain), Nephropathy (kidney disease, Retinopathy (vision impairment), Cardiovascular disease, Infection and slow wound healing
The nurse is aware that the severe dehydration associated with diabetes insipidus (DI) can lead which serious electrolyte imbalance?
Hypernatremia
Which is the only insulin you can give IV?
Regular Insulin
A client is experiencing an increase in blood glucose levels. The nurse understands that which of the following hormones would be important in lowering the client's blood glucose level?
Insulin
What are the two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
What extra equipment should the nurse provide at the bedside of a new postoperative thyroidectomy patient?
Tracheotomy tray
A nurse caring for a patient with diabetes insipidus is reviewing laboratory results. What is an expected urinalysis finding?
Highly Diluted Urine / Decreased urine specific gravity
When is the best time of the day to administer Levothyroxine (Synthroid)?
In the morning before breakfast, on an empty stomach.
What is the master gland of the endocrine system?
Pituitary
The hormone that has the opposite function of calcitonin is?
parathyroid hormone.
The nurse discovers the type 1 diabetic (IDDM) patient drowsy and tremulous, the skin is cool and moist, and the respirations are 32 and shallow. These are signs of:
Hypoglycemia
Which diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus provides a measure of glucose levels for the previous 8 to 12 weeks?
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
The following clinical scenarios use the following sliding scale and are based on blood glucose readings taken throughout the day. Determine the total amount of insulin to be given to the patient based on blood glucose results.
Your patient has the following sliding scale insulin prescription. If blood glucose is:
· Less than 150 mg/dL, give 0 units Lispro insulin
· 150 to 199 mg/dL, give 1 unit Lispro insulin
· 200 to 249 mg/dL, give 2 units Lispro insulin
· 250 to 300 mg/dL, give 3 units Lispro insulin
· Greater than 300 mg/dL, call physician immediately
[1] Before lunch your patient’s blood glucose is 301 mg/dL.
[2] Before dinner your patient’s blood glucose is 178 mg/dL.
1. Call the physician immediately
2. 1 unit Lispro Insulin
A patient with a history of Graves disease is admitted to the unit with shortness of breath. The nurse notes the patient’s vital signs: T 103°F, P 160, R 24, BP 160/80. The nurse also notes distended neck veins. What does the patient most likely have?
Thyroid storm
Name all the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland (5 of them)
Growth hormone (GH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Gonadotropic hormones (FSH & LH), Prolactin (PRL)
In diabetes insipidus, a deficiency of which hormone causes clinical manifestations?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
In Addison's Disease, who lab results show and hyperkalemia or hypokalemia?
Hyperkalemia
A patient is receiving the medication octreotide (Sandostatin) as a treatment for acromegaly. What should the nurse explain regarding this medication?
It suppresses the growth hormone.
A client is having difficult with falling and staying asleep and has obtained over-the-counter melatonin to help with this issue. What gland would be responsible for the decreased secretion of melatonin?
Pineal
The anterior pituitary is called?
adenohypophysis
What are the three major life-threatening complications postoperatively of a thyroidectomy?
Hemorrhaging, tetany, Thyroid Storm (crisis)
A patient believed to have acromegaly asks the purpose of the diagnostic glucose tolerance test (GTT). What is the most accurate response by the nurse?
“It measures the growth hormone in the presence of oral glucose levels at specified times.”
The nurse is administering long-acting insulin once a day, which provides insulin coverage for 24 hours. This insulin is __.
Lantus
A client with an immunodeficiency disorder does not have an adequate number of T lymphocytes in order to improve his immune function. Which gland should be investigated for dysfunction?
Thymus