Properties of ice
Cold temperature objects
Extreme environments
Cryogenic instruments
Thermodynamics
100

Water freezes at this temperature (Kelvin).

What is 273K?

100

The temperature of liquid nitrogen (Kelvin).

What is 77K?

100

Antarctic water remains liquid below 0 C because it contains this.

What is salt?

100

This what dry ice is made of.

What is CO2?

100

The average kinetic energy of particles when a substance is cooled.

What is decreases?

200

Ice floats in water because of this reason.

What is the density of the crystal lattice?

200

The temperature of liquid helium (Kelvin).

What is 4K?

200

Sea ice contains tiny pockets of this concentrated salty liquid.

What is brine?

200

This insulated container is used to store liquid nitrogen while minimizing heat transfer.

What is a dewar?

200

This property of molecules ceases at 0K.

What is atomic motion?

300
Adding salts to water exhibits this phenomenon.

What is freezing point depression?

300

This is the color of liquid oxygen.

What is blue?

300

In Antarctica's dry valleys, ice can skip the liquid phase and turn straight into vapor. This process is...

What is sublimation?

300

This common instrument is kept cold by two layers of cryogenic liquid (one layer of liquid He, one layer of liquid N2).

What is NMR?

300

This thermodynamic lay states that heat naturally flows from hot to cold.

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

400

Frost forms on a cold window when water vapor turns directly into ice (skipping the liquid phase).

What is deposition?

400

This is the coldest planet in our solar system (49 K).

What is uranus?

400

Cold polar clouds help activate this halogen (released from CFCs). When spring sunlight returns, its radicals help destroy ozone.

What is chlorine?

400

This temperature is the limit for something to be considered cryogenic.

What is 123 K or -150 C?

400

At constant pressure, when water is at its freezing point, this property also remains constant.

What is temperature?

500

Ice forms in two crystal structures. The geometric shapes are... 

What is hexagonal and cubic?

500

This is the lowest Kelvin temperature recorded.

What is 38 picokelvin?

500

Antarctic fish make these ice-binding biological molecules to stop ice crystals from forming in their bodies (Hint: nature's version of a car's coolant).

What are antifreeze proteins?

500

This instrument is used to separate and collect gases such as N2, O2, and Ar based on their different boiling points at extremely low temperatures.

What is a cryogenic distillation column?

500
A process in which no heat is transferred in or out of the system. A gas expanding this way cools down.

What is adiabatic?

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