Its getting cold outside
How long can the average person survive in freezing water (32°F/0°C) without a survival suit?
15 min.
Hypothermia can set in quickly, and survival time depends on body mass, clothing, and activity level
This is the cold injury that doesn't involve freezing or cause permanent damage.
What is Frost Nip?
In this cold emergency, the patient may present as drowsy, have a decreased level of responsiveness, slurred speech, loss of coordination and likely is not shivering.
What is Moderate Hypothermia?
This occurs at a core body temp of 82 degrees F and lower.
What is severe hypothermia?
This Cold related injury involves actual freezing of body tissue.
What is Frost Bite?
What is the leading cause of death in cold weather emergencies?
Hypothermia
(Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce, dropping core temperature to dangerous levels.)
Two predisposing factors that contribute to cold injury.
What are Age and the use of Drugs and Alcohol. A previous cold injury will also increase the risk of reoccurrence.
Moderate Hypothermia occurs at this core body temperature range.
What is 82 - 90 degrees F? Shivering will stop at around 90 degrees F.
This is the minimum amount of time you should take a pulse on a severely hypothermic person.
What is one minute?
These are the two primary causes of injury in frost bite cases.
What are the formation of ice crystals and loss of blood supply due to capillary and small blood vessel damage.
How many layers of clothing are recommended to stay warm in freezing temperatures?
3-4 layers
This is the treatment for Frost Nip.
What is rewarm with contact, no rubbing.
This leads to reduced use of oxygen and glucose by the moderately hypothermic person.
What is the slowing of metabolism?
Name two of the steps to treat Hypothermia.
What are:
Prevent further heat loss, Remove wet clothing, Actively warm, Keep still in severe cases, and Rapid transport done gently for sever cases
You should never allow this to happen with a frost bit injury.
What is allow to thaw and refreeze.
These are effective warming strategies for mild hypothermia.
What are exercise and intake of food or beverage. This patients body can potentially rewarm itself with appropriate support.
Vasoconstriction is the "cause" in
Frost Nip.
This is defined as the temperature of the vital organs in the chest cavity.
What is Body's Core Temperature.
At a core temperature of 77 degrees F a severely hypothermic patient may appear to be this.
What is clinically dead.
This is the treatment of Frost bite.
What is rapid rewarming as soon as possible. A warm water (102 - 104 F) bath is suggested for 20 - 30 min. Do not rewarm if they will have to walk on it.
What is the "rule of threes" in survival situations?
3 minutes without air, 3 hours without shelter, 3 days without water
(This rule highlights priorities for survival in harsh environments.)
The four body parts most prone to frost nip.
What are the fingers, toes, nose and ears?
At what wind chill temperature does exposed skin risk frostbite within 30 minutes?
C. -20°F (-29°C)
(Wind chill speeds up heat loss from the skin, increasing frostbite risk.)
This is why you must use extreme caution not to jostle a severely hypothermic patent.
What is ventricular fibrillation.
These are signs and symptoms of Frost bite.
What is pain at the sight, skin color is white or waxy. -Partial thickness
Full thickness- no pain, skin is cold and hard, white or gray color and no pulse.