28.1 Beginnings
Who met during the last years of WWII and what for?
What were 2 key conferences and what happened during them and in between them?
-The Big Three met to discuss the post-war world
(Feb, 1945) Yalta Conference: everything went smoothly and everyone was on the same page
Hitler dies, the common enemy gone, some leaders changed
(July, 1945) Potsdam Conference: Tension from those two causes aswell as discussion of A-bomb. Stalin knew US tested something, they weren playing mind games with eachother
Following it's Post-War vision, how did the US approach "threats" and what were "threats?"
What did this approach look like?
-US adopted "containing" approach to spread of communism (the threat)
-The US would provide financial support to Europe, believing that it would dull the appeal of communism. If Europe is returned to prosperity, no one would be desperate and turn to commie.
In 1948, why did the Soviets launch a blockade against West Berlin?
How did the Western Powers respond?
What did the Berlin Crisis lead to in 1949?
-They hoped it would make the western powers abandon W. Berlin, allowing Stalin to have full control over Berlin without a war
-They responded by airlifting supplies to West Berlin for over a year, maintaing their control
-It led to the formal division of Germany ito two seperate states, west=Federal Republic of Germany, east=German Democratic Republic
Nov 9, 1989, what was going on with E. German politics.
What was the effect of the inaccurate report from Western Media?
-There was pressure to loosen regulations, so E. Germany said people could now travel more freely to West Germany
-Crowds formed and rushed to the border, so many people that they just started passing unrestrictedly; FALL OF BERLIN WALL
What area followed "1 country, 2 systems"
Why does Hong Kong have a different legal system from mainland China?
Why don't Hong Kong citizens like the Extradition Bill
-Hong Kong
-Bc Britain used to own Hong Kong; still has that influence
-It would give mainland China power+control over Hong Kong, don't want that
After WWII, what were the visions of the US and USSR? Were these visions compatible?
-US: took active role of Global Policeman, wanting to prevent outbreak of another war.
-USSR: Soviets sought to expand their sphere of influence to Eastern Europe. Wanted a Buffer Zone (made of Poland, Czech., etc.) where satilite sates would prevent future invasions from West
-Visions did NOT align
What are two key examples of the US giving financial support?
Why did the soviet buffer zone decline offers of money?
-1947) Truman Doctrine: 3mil given to Greece and Turkey
-1948) Marchall Plan: 13bil to a bunch of countries including England, Belgium, France, Ireland, W Germany, etc etc. *was offered to Soviet Buffer zone, but they declined*
-The USSR had developed their own aid package for Soviet Satellites, this was called the Molotov Plan (wasn't as good as US funding)
1961, who began building the Berlin Wall and why?
Describe the Berlin Wall
What percentage of E. Germany's population left for W. Germany
-E. Germany; to prevent emigration (talented, young, and educated people used the Berlin loop hole to flee E. for W. and get capitolism
-96 miles long, 13 feet high, inbetween mine corridor "death strip", constant sureillance w/ 302 watchtowers
-20% (3.5 mil)
What was the Chinese Civil War again? What is the KMT and CCP
Why did the two sides join together temporarily during WWII?
By 1949, which side had defeated the other under who's leadership?
What two republics were established and what where their territories?
-the KMT(Nationalists) attacking the CCP(Communists)
-To fight Japan
-The CCP beat up KMT with Mao Zedong's leadership
-CCP made People's Republic of China-Mainland China; KMT was forced to leave for Taiwan& made Republic of China
CHINA CULTURAL REVOLUTION
What did Mao tell the public in regards to the future and the young generation?
What was the purpose of Mao making this message in Mao's Little Red Book?
-The young generation was "full of vigor, vitality" and if united, they can change China for the better
-To inspire young individuals to become Red Gaurds// For Red Gaurds to feel purpose in their work
In 1946, what did Churchill say Europe was divided by? Why?
-Said it was divided by an "Iron Curtain"-> Eastern E. was Communist and Western E. was Capitalist, you couldn't easily go East to West, and they were like different worlds
What was the Nuclear Arms Race?
Who was in the lead in developing (who made a nuclear weapon 1st, who made a hydrogen bomb first, and ICBMS)
-USSR & US were competing in developing powerful nuclear weapons
-US had upper hand, making nuclear weapon first, soviets developed one 4 yrs later
-US made hyrdogen bomb (1952), USSR made one a year later
-BOTH made ICBMS in 1959
Why was NATO established in 1949, what is it and who joined?
Which Germany joined NATO in 1955 & how did the Soviets respond
-Why-> response to Berlin Crisis; What-> North-Atlantic Treaty Organization; Who-> US, France, etc etc
-W. Germany; Soviets quickly formed the Warsaw Pact, only Soviet States and E. Germany
In 1958, Mao attempted to hastily do what to the Chinese economy? what model did this follow and what was it called?
What is one similarity to Stalin's 5yr plan and one new thing?
-Industrialize; Stalin's 5 yr model; The Great Leap Foreward
-Collectivized agriculture: merge farms->lazy, low food
-Backyard Furnaces: didn't want to smelting/iron work in cities but in countryside. Task NOT fit for farmers
What did Song Propaganda, relating to the Red Guards, aim to do?
-To make the Red Guards be seen as successors of the revolution, to give pride to the Red Guards and make them be viewed as good and powerful figures
What happened to Germany's land after WWII? What about Berlin specifically?
-The victorious nations ( US, USSR, GB, FR) occupied the land ( it was divided into four)
-The German Capitol Berlin, altough in Soviet occupied area, was also divided into four
what are ICBMS?
What is MAD
InterContinental Ballistic Missiles, they are long range missles that go from one continent to another, can carry nuclear weapons
Mutual Assured Destruction, A full-scale use of nuclear weapons by 2+ opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both attacker and defender
What was the Space Race? What did Prez. Kennady say the goal/ win would be?
Was this before or after the Nuclear Arms Race?
What tech from the Nuclear Arms Race helped with space travel?
Who launched the first satelite in 1957? Name?
-It was a 'friendlier' competitive moment, race for supremacy in space travel; land on moon before Soviets
-After
-ICBMS
-Soviets; Sputnik (спутник)
What was the Four Pests Campaign?
Which pest was mass killed, what did this lead to?
In 1962, why did Mao abandon the campaign, where did he go?
Mao believed natural pests were causing issues(famine), need to get rid of ①Sparrow-ate crops ②Rats-plague ③Mosquitos-malaria ④Flies- annoying
-Sparrow, more Locusts and they ate way more crops
-abandoned due to disastrous results including FAMINE, 20-50 mil dead; Mao went into the sidelines
Why might a school student want to join the Red Guards?
What's a daizbao?
-To be able to rebel and go against disliked authority figures, to feel in control
-A big lettered poster/ paper propaganda (from the DBQs, they seemed as way to point out and attack individuals)
(You will see this question again in the 3rd catagory) In 1949, Germany split into two separate countries. What were the names and which nation's territory went where
-West Germany-Federal Republic of Germany-: US, GB, FR zones combined
-East Germany-German Democratic Republic-: just USSR territory
Where has the US tested its nuclear weapons?
What 2 countries have tested the most nuclear weapons?
-Nevada, and unpopulated islands in S. Pacific
-US&Soviets
What did the US establish in 1958?
1961 who sent the first human to space? name?
1969, US became the first nation to send humans to the ___ with what program?
What is one key time the US and USSR were friendly and worked together in space?
*Remember that GPS came from the space race*
-US established NASA
-Soviets; Yuri Gagarin (Юрий Гагарин)
-_Moon_; Apollo 11
-creating the ISS (with the help of some other countries too!!)
What did Mao try to do with the Cultural Revolution in 1966?
What were the "Four Olds" (hint: ICCH)
Who were the "Red Gaurds"
-Attempted to reignite the communist movement by purging the old chinese culture
①Old ideas ②Old Culture ③Old Customs ④Old Habits
-They were young people (kids and teens even) that got indoctrinated to do the destruction and revolt against the old ways