Key Terms
Iron Curtain
The political and military barrier that isolated Soviet-controlled countries of Eastern Europe after World War 2
Later evidence from Project Venona revealed Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were innocent of espionage.
False; Project Venona's evidence later revealed that they were indeed guilty
Explain McCarthyism. Describe tactics that were used and what eventually lead to Joseph McCarthy losing popularity.
McCarthyism: a tactic of damaging reputations with vague, unfounded charges
Tactics: He would badger witnesses and refuse to accept their answers. The witness then seemed suspicious, which was interpreted as guilt.
Losing popularity: When he tried officers in the US Army, bullying and harassing them about trivial details, he began to lose popularity.
What was the name of the recovery plan where the US provided billions of dollars in aid to rebuild Western European economies after WW2?
European Recovery Program (the Marshall Plan)
What name was given to judicial efforts to prosecute German officials and senior military officers after World War II?
Nuremberg Trials
Napalm
a type of jellied gasoline
When the HUAC tried to identify communists infiltrators, most Americans agreed and supported Senator Joseph McCarthy's tactics.
True; both occurred around the same time.
In 1953, what is the book that was written and by whom which was an allegory for McCarthyism?
the Crucible by Arthur Miller
Who was placed in charge of rebuilding Japan's industry and system of government?
Douglas MacArthur
What date (month, day, and year) did Victory in Japan (V-J) Day occur?
August 15, 1945
Perjury
Lying when one has sworn under oath to tell the truth
The Korean War ended in an armistice on the 38th parallel.
True.
What was the name of the House committee that focused on exposing communists and their sympathizers in the government and in the film industry?
The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
What was the name of the monetary system set up after WW2 that the USSR refused to join?
the Bretton Woods system
Following World War 2, what nation was the United States' only rival in terms of power and influence?
USSR
Limited War
a war fought with limited resources to achieve a limited objective, such as containing communism
The Long Telegram was created by an American diplomat who explained the USSR's hostility was based on how the US treated immigrants.
False; the Long Telegram said the USSR's hostility was based on fear of the West and a difference in ideals.
What is the military alliance formed in 1949 in which the US and many Western European nations agreed to come to the aid of any member who was attacked?
NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Which country experienced a communist revolution in 1949, severing ties with the US afterward, and resulting in the US helping Japan recover economically?
China
What name was given to the American initiative to develop the first nuclear weapon?
Manhattan Project
Censure
A formal expression of disapproval of an action
The Ukraine airlift was in response to the USSR forcing Western powers out of Berlin territory.
False; the Berlin airlift
What year did the Soviets successfully test its first atomic bomb?
1949
The Truman doctrine was containment policy; to prevent communism from expanding.
Examples:
Berlin Airlift, Korean War, Crisis in Iran
What happened to Germany as a result of the Yalta conference?
Germany and Berlin were split into four zones.