Middle East
Which two ethnic groups have historical and religious ties to the same land?
Israelis (Jewish) and Arabs (Muslims)
Define the Cold War
A war fought by propaganda, diplomacy, scientific and economic competition, and espionage between nations
A war fought between the US and USSR to gain influence over the rest of the world
Berlin Wall
The Iron Curtain speech signified the formal beginning of WHAT?
The Cold War!
Where were satellite nations located?
Eastern Europe
This Jewish state was created after WWII b/c the Holocaust during WWII emphasized the critical need for a Jewish homeland
Israel
Describes the division between Eastern and Western Europe; Winston Churchill made the famous speech about it
Iron Curtain
Dependent of the Soviet Union; Describes most eastern European countries immediately after World War II
Soviet Union challenged the United States and Western Europe in 1948 and 1949 with the blockade around the city of West Berlin. What was this event called?
The Berlin Blockade
The expansion of communism into Eastern Europe was a direct result of which war?
World War II
How did surrounding Arab nations initially react to the creation of Israel in 1948?
They declared war on Israel
A collective security agreement between COMMUNIST nations
Warsaw Pact
What prompted the beginning of the critical space race during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States?
*Optional bonus 100 pts: What was it called?
The USSR launching a satellite
*Called Sputnik
Which 3 countries in Eastern Europe (The Baltic) declared independence from the USSR first?
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
Protesting had started in Hungary and Czechoslovakia for the same reason. What was that reason?
What event happened during WWII that emphasized the need for a Jewish homeland (by the United Nations)?
The Holocaust
Soviet response to the Marshall Plan. The nations of Eastern Europe would rebuild their post-war economies according to a plan set forth by the Communist parties of each participating nation.
How did the Soviet Union respond to anti-communist uprisings in Hungary and Czechoslovakia?
The USSR invaded these countries to keep them under communist control
Period in 1962 during which the United States and the Soviet Union nearly engaged in an all-out nuclear war. The Soviet Union was helping Cuba build a launch site for their new weapons and wanted to avoid a future American invasion.
Cuban Missile Crisis
In an attempt to force western allies out of Berlin, Stalin sealed off every railroad and highway into the western sectors. The U.S. responded with this
Berlin AIRLIFT
What was the major reason for the success of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe after World War II? (Why could they influence Eastern Europe after WWII?)
The Soviet Union had military forces in Eastern Europe as a result of World War II.
Define Perestroika.
Restructuring of the government/economy
Was the wall cheap to maintain?
Did it actually keep people in?
What did people think about communism & what did people from East Germany do?
What happened to the wall?
- It was expensive; cost Germany $1 Billion and E. Germany had to sell back its prisoners to W. Germany
- It did not actually keep people in. Escapes using tunnels, hot air balloons, trucks, subway, car, and ziplines.
- People did not like communism and people from E. Germany tried to escape.
- The wall was torn down under President Gorbachev
Describe at least 2 reforms by President Gorbachev.
MUST choose 2 categories (1 reform from each)
Social, economic, political
Social: Glasnost - allowed disagreement in the USSR & criticism of government