Tensions Rise
a long period of struggle between democracy and communism that dominated global affairs from 1945 to 1991
Cold War
a region located on a mountainous peninsula situated between China and Japan
Korea
the U.S. foreign policy that sought to prevent the spread of communism and Soviet influence to other countries
containment
leader of the Chinese Communist Party
Mao Zedong
the capital city of Germany
Berlin
an economic system in which privately owned businesses compete to sell their goods and services
capitalism
armed conflict fought from 1950 to 1953 in which North Korea fought South Korea; led to the deaths of three million people
Korean War
1947 speech by President Harry S. Truman to Congress that declared the country’s intention to intervene on behalf of democratic countries under threat of authoritarian control
Truman Doctrine
a political organization led by Mao Zedong that won the Chinese Civil War and subsequently established the Republic of China
Chinese Communist Party
a republic that existed from 1949 to 1990, consisting of the western two-thirds of what is now Germany
West Germany
communism
a U.S. general who commanded troops fighting in the Pacific during World War II; the commander of the United Nations Command forces in the Korean War
Douglas MacArthur
the foreign aid and recovery plan through which the U.S. offered aid to European countries with the goals of preventing the spread of communism and stabilizing the international order by rebuilding infrastructure, restoring industry, helping farmers, and removing barriers to trade
Marshall Plan
the armed conflict in which Mao Zedong’s Chinese Communist Party defeated Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalist Party and took control of mainland China
Chinese Civil War
an 11-month period in which France, Britain, and the U.S. delivered aid to West Berlin’s residents by flying food, water, medicine, and fuel into the citythe event in which the Soviet Union blocked all roads and railroads leading from Western-occupied Germany into Western-occupied Berlin
Berlin Airlift
a metaphor describing the separation between Western Europe and the Soviet-controlled communist states of Eastern Europe
Iron Curtain
a port city in South Korea where a counter attack against North Korea was launched
Inchon
general and chief of staff of the U.S. Army during World War II; U.S. secretary of state who devised a recovery plan to provide Europe with foreign aid after World War II
George C. Marshall
the successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Republic of China and ending the imperial system
Revolution of 1911
a military alliance among countries in North America and Europe designed to promote their mutual security interests
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
the 33rd president of the United States; served from 1945 to 1953
Harry S. Truman
a line of latitude; the dividing line between North Korea and South Korea
38th parallel
U.S. diplomat who proposed the policy of containment in 1946
George Kennan
also known as Chiang Kai-shek; leader of the Nationalist Party of China, whose party was defeated in the Chinese Civil War
Jiang Jieshi
a military and political alliance among the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Albania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and East Germany
Warsaw Pact