Its getting cold outside
What is the leading cause of death in cold weather emergencies?
Hypothermia - Occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce, dropping core temperature to dangerous levels
This is the cold injury that doesn't involve freezing or cause permanent damage.
What is Frost Nip?
In this cold emergency, the patient may present as drowsy, have a decreased level of responsiveness, slurred speech, loss of coordination and likely is not shivering.
What is Moderate Hypothermia?
This occurs at a core body temp of 82 degrees F and lower.
What is severe hypothermia?
This Cold related injury involves actual freezing of body tissue.
What is Frost Bite?
In regards to hypothermic patients, the longest time from cardiac arrest to return of spontaneous circulation was _________
6 hours 52 minutes
Almost 7 hours
Two predisposing factors that contribute to cold injury.
What are Age and the use of Drugs and Alcohol. A previous cold injury will also increase the risk of reoccurrence.
Moderate Hypothermia occurs at this core body temperature range.
What is 82 - 90 degrees F? Shivering will stop at around 90 degrees F.
This is the minimum amount of time you should take a pulse on a severely hypothermic person.
What is one minute?
45 seconds - state protocol
In _______ frostbite there may be burning, numbness, tingling, itching or cold sensations in the affected areas. The regions appear white and frozen but if you press on them they retain some resistance.
What is superficial frostbite
___________ was described in World War I as a result of repeated exposure to dampness and cold and exacerbated by tight boots
Trench foot (immersion foot)
This is the treatment for Frost Nip.
What is rewarm with contact, no rubbing.
This leads to reduced use of oxygen and glucose by the moderately hypothermic person.
What is the slowing of metabolism?
Name two of the steps to treat Hypothermia.
What are:
Prevent further heat loss, Remove wet clothing, Actively warm and Rapid transport done gently
Stages of Frostbite have _____ levels and _____ categories.
What are 4 degrees and 2 categories
Signs & Symptoms include, headache, Weakness, dizziness, Nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, blurred vision, sleepiness, Loss of muscle control, loss of consciousness
What are signs of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Cold weather emergencies happen during this time of year.
What is any time?
This is defined as the temperature of the vital organs in the chest cavity.
What is Body's Core Temperature.
At a core temperature of 77 degrees F a severely hypothermic patient may appear to be this.
What is clinically dead.
The DO NOTS of cold weather emergencies.
Do not massage extremities. Do not allow them to eat or use stimulants, such as coffee, tea, soda or tobacco products. Do not place heat packs directly on skin. Do not re-expose to cold. Do not break blisters.
Carbon monoxide poisoning can come from 1. ________ 2._________
Burning fuels, including wood, propane or charcoal.
Appliances and engines.
Breathing smoke during a fire.
The four body parts most prone to frost nip.
What are the fingers, toes, nose and ears?
By slowing blood flow to the skin, the body is able to send more blood to the vital organs. As this process continues and the extremities become colder and colder, a condition called __________
What is Hunters Response?
This is why you must use extreme caution not to jostle a severely hypothermic patent.
What is ventricular fibrillation.
These are signs and symptoms of Frost bite.
What is burning, numbness, tingling, itching, skin color is white. -Superficial
Deep - Swelling, blood filled blisters, decrease in sensation, skin is cold and hard, white, yellow or gray color