Treaties
Treaties involve which groups?
First Nations and Canadian government
The original Indian Act was passed by Canada's parliament in ____1_____. It made rules about the lives of First Nations people ______2_____.
2. Without consulting them
A leader who fought for Metis rights and who fought against him?
Louis Riel and William Macdougall
What groups receive collective rights in Canada?
Hint: theres 5
- First Nations
- Metis
- Inuits
- Anglophone
- Francophone
Ethnocentrism
Thinking one's culture is superior to others.
Treaties have their roots from what? and when?
Royal Proclamation 1763
What did the Canadian government think of the Indian Act?
The government thought that the Indian Act protected the collective rights of First Nations people.
In what province did the Metis get land from the church in 1899?
The Metis settled in Saskatchewan, receiving land from the Catholic church but they still did not own the land. They were eventually forced to move.
How does having collective rights make Canada unique?
Not all countries have laws that protect and affirm collective rights. For example: no groups in the United States have their rights recognized in the American Constitution.
Assimilation
When a larger culture absorbs and destroys a smaller culture.
What was the motivating factors for Canada to be involved in treaties?
- More land for settlers
- Assimilation of First Nations
- Peaceful relations with First Nations
Is the act still in use today?
Yes
What is a scrip?
Scrip is a substitute for legal tender, Metis could exchange it for land in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
Collective rights recognize what?
Recognize the founding peoples of Canada. Canada would not exist today without the contribution of these peoples.
Sovereign
Independence as a people with a right to self-govern.
The Indian Act defined what?
Defined who was and was not considered "Indian" under the legal definition.
Status Indian
What was the Manitoba Act?
BONUS: What happened to Louis Riel?
Made Manitoba an official Canadian province. Ensured that Manitoba stayed bilingual, gave land to Metis along Red River and ensured education rights for both catholics and protestants.
He was hung by the Canadian Government for his efforts in the rebellion.
What are collective rights?
Rights given to members of a specific group that protects that groups identity or interests.
Autonomy
Authority to make decisions.
What were the First Nations perspective on Treaties?
First Nations do NOT agree that they gave up their land (belief that land cannot be owned). They record their history and agreements through oral history.
What were Indian Agents and who appointed them?
Indian agents were appointed by the Canadian government, with the purpose of supervising and running reserves. (Implemented and enforced government policy on reserves)
Name the rebellion(s) that Louis Riel were apart of and where they took place.
1. Red River Rebellion, Manitoba. Red River Settlement.
2. Northwest Rebellion, Saskatchewan.
What is the purpose of collective rights?
Balance the protection of minority groups with the protection of individual rights.
Entrenching
Fixing firmly within.