Rate of Reaction
Define rate of reaction
The rate of a chemical reaction depends on the number of collisions per second.
Kinetics refers to?
Movement
Temperature affects what in a reaction?
The energy and speed of particles.
Collision Theory?
In order to react, particles must collide with kinetic energy greater than the activation energy and have the correct collision geometry.
*enough energy and correct orientation
What is an atom made up of (5 parts)?
Nucleus - protons and neutrons
Shell/s - electrons
What factors are we looking at that affect rate of reaction?
Temperature, concentration, surface area, catalysts
Kinetics is the study of?
How fast the reaction goes.
Concentration affects what in a reaction?
The amount of particles.
To have a successful reaction you need 2 factors:
Enough energy
Correct orientation
What are the possible charges of an ion?
Positive and negative
How do we measure the amount of collisions?
Collisions per second
Movement in chemistry refers to?
The progress of a reaction.
Surface area affects what in a reaction?
The amount of particles available at the beginning of the reaction.
Why is the rate of reaction faster at the beginning of a reaction than at the end?
There are more particles available in the beginning to collide and react.
The number of available reactant particles to collide with and react decreases.
So the rate of reaction slows down.
What charge would an ionic compound have?
Neutral
How would you change temperature if you wanted to increase the rate of reaction?
Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic (movement) energy of the particles.
By increasing the temperature, you will increase the number of collisions.
Kinetic theory of matter?
All matter consists of particles which are in constant motion.
What does a catalyst affect in a reaction and how?
The activation energy by lowering it (for particles to successfully collide).
Particle Theory?
All matter is made up of tiny particles and these particles are in constant motion.
Temperature affects the speed of particles.
What is the difference between the amount of protons and electrons if an ion is negatively charged?
There would be more electrons.
How would you change the surface area of Calcium carbonate to increase the rate of reaction?
Break it up into a powder (rather than a whole chip/rock).
Reaction mechanism is?
A sequence of bond breaking and bond making which suggests “how” the reaction happens.
Is the catalyst affected in the reaction?
No.
It increases the rate of the reaction without itself undergoing chemical change.
What kind of particles are we referring to when we talk about reactions?
These can be either atoms, ions or molecules.
Why do ions form (ionic formation)?
To become stable (have a full outer shell).