Risk Factors
People with this abnormal, enteric immune response have an increased risk:
What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Risk increases with the extent of the disease and the duration of the disease.
Colonoscopy is recommended 8 to 10 years after diagnosis and surveillance endoscopy is recommended every 1 to 2 years thereafter.
Microcytic anemia associated with colorectal cancer in those > 50 y.
What is iron deficiency anemia?
USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at this age in those without family history or other identifiable genetic risks:
What is 50 years old? (until 75 years of age)
USPSTF recommends:
-FOBT
-Colonoscopy
-Sigmoidoscopy
Without treatment, almost all patients with this autosomal dominant disorder will develop carcinoma by age 40:
What is Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)?
-Due to inactivating mutation in APC gene on chromosome 5
-Thousands of polyps in digestive tract
-Yearly flexible sigmoidoscopy recommended annually
Change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, and hematochezia suggest involvement of this segment of the colon:
What is the distal colon or left-sided lesion?
Carcinoma on this side is also associated with "napkin-ring" lesion
Right-sided lesion: iron deficiency anemia, abdominal pain, and watery stools
This family history puts patients in the high risk category:
What is having multiple first degree relatives with colorectal cancer?
What is a first degree relative diagnosed with colonic adenomatous polyps?
What is a first degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer at < 60 y.?
-Start testing at age 40 or 10 years before the youngest case in immediate family
-Surveillance testing every 5 years
Hyperpigmented macules on lips, oral mucosa, palms and soles, presenting alongside abdominal pain and intussusception in pediatric patient:
What is Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome?
Patients are at increased risk for colorectal cancer.
-Multiple non-malignant polyps in the GI tract
-Mutation in STK11
-Associated with multiple malignancies
Bacteremia and endocarditis associated with the following organism:
S. bovis
Bacteremia and endocarditis associated with this organism are a clue to underlying colorectal carcinoma
Test no longer used due to its poor sensitivity and specificity:
Hint: Baseline is useful to follow response to therapy and detect recurrence
What is serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Biochemical testing: Fecal occult blood (FOBT)
-If this is positive even in one slide, the patient should be evaluated with colonoscopy
This actress, best known for her role as Jill Munroe in the original Charlie's Angels, lost her battle to rectal cancer in 2009:
Who is Farrah Fawcett?