COLONIAL BEGINNINGS
Why did England establish colonies?
Wealth, resources, and trade opportunities.
Why were the Pilgrims called Separatists?
They wanted to separate completely from the Church of England.
What did investors share in a joint-stock company like the Virginia Company?
Profits and risks.
What did the Navigation Acts do?
Controlled colonial trade.
What type of labor did plantation owners rely on?
Enslaved labor.
What happened to territory under the Treaty of Paris (1763)?
Britain gained more territory and France lost most of its North American land.
What is an alliance?
An agreement between groups or nations to work together.
What happened to the settlement on Roanoke Island?
The colonists disappeared without explanation, and the settlement became known as the Lost Colony.
What did the Pilgrims agree to do in the Mayflower Compact?
Obey laws.
What did indentured servants receive in exchange for their labor?
Passage to America.
Why did some merchants use smuggling?
To avoid taxes and trade restrictions.
What was spectral evidence?
Testimony that a person's spirit appeared in a dream or vision.
What did the Proclamation of 1763 limit?
Settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What is an apprentice?
A person who learns a trade from a skilled worker.
Which leader provided leadership that helped Jamestown survive?
John Smith.
What did the Mayflower Compact create?
An early form of self-government.
What were the primary economic activities of the New England Colonies?
Subsistence farming, fishing, shipbuilding, and trading.
What were artisans?
Skilled workers who made tools and goods.
Why was spectral evidence difficult to prove?
It could not be proven.
How did colonists respond to British policies after the French and Indian War?
They became frustrated with British policies.
What is a cash crop?
A crop grown to be sold for profit.
Which cash crop did John Rolfe introduce that increased Jamestown's profits and population?
Tobacco.
Which colony did Roger Williams found, and what principle did he support?
Rhode Island and religious freedom.
What characterized the economy of the Middle Colonies?
Arable land producing wheat and grain.
How did an apprentice learn a trade?
By learning from a skilled worker.
What region did Britain and France both want to control during the French and Indian War?
The Ohio River Valley.
What were John Locke's three Natural Rights?
Life, liberty, and property.
What is neutrality?
Refusing to take sides during a conflict.
With whom did Jamestown settlers trade?
The Powhatan.
How did tolerance affect settlement in Pennsylvania?
It allowed different religious groups to settle there.
What characterized the economy of the Southern Colonies?
A warm climate and long growing season supporting farms and plantations growing tobacco, rice, and indigo.
What was the role of an overseer on a plantation?
Supervising plantation work.
What did Britain capture in 1759, the turning point of the French and Indian War?
Quebec.
According to John Locke, where does government receive its power?
From the people.
What is tolerance?
Accepting and respecting people's different beliefs and practices.