Columbus' Journal / HIPPOS Strategy
What does the "H" in HIPPOS stand for?
What is a conquistador?
A Spanish explorer
Which of the 13 colonies did Jamestown become?
Virginia
What are the three different regions in the 13 original colonies?
The New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, the Southern Colonies
True or False: Europeans were the first people to enslave Africans
False: Slavery existed as a byproduct (outcome) of war in Africa prior to Europeans arriving. However, Europeans are responsible for the racialization of slavery.
Colonizers wanted to spread Christianity
Who was the intended audience of Columbus' journal?
The King and Queen of Spain and himself
What was the main goal of Spanish conquistadors when they came to the Americas?
They wanted to get wealth and glory for themselves and Spain
What was "the starving time"?
The winter of 1609-1610 when settlers struggled to find food. They had to resort to eating cats, dogs, horses, and even possibly practiced cannibalism to survive.
What is a cash crop? Give an example.
A cash crop is a crop that could be sold easily in markets in the colonies or overseas. Examples: tobacco, wheat, rice.
What is the triangular trade route?
A three-part route of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
What was the name of the failed colony in which the colonists mysteriously disappeared?
Roanoke
Where did Columbus really arrive in the Americas when he thought he was arriving in India?
An island in the Bahamas called Guanahani (later renamed San Salvador by Columbus)
What factors contributed to Spain's victory in conquering the Aztec and Inca?
They had weapons and animals that the Aztec and Inca had never before seen. The Aztec and Inca were also weakened by diseases spread by Europeans, because they did not have immunity.
What is a headright?
A land grant of 50 acres to settlers to paid their own way to the colony.
What is subsistence farming and in which region was it practiced?
Subsistence farming is when you produce enough to meet the needs of your family with little left over to sell or trade. This was commonly practiced in the New England colonies.
What are slave codes?
Rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved people
What were the two primary religions that were spread by colonizers?
Catholicism and Puritanism
What was the purpose of Columbus' journal entries?
To inform the Spanish monarchy about the people in the Americas and keep them updated about his search for gold.
What were the three types of settlements that were set up by Spanish law in the Americas?
Pueblos, missions, and presidios.
What are burgesses?
What was the climate like in the New England colonies?
Rocky soil and long cold winters
Why is it not accurate to say that Africans are all one people?
Africa is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse places in the world.
The Spanish were interested in finding gold whereas the Dutch and French were interested in natural resources such as furs.
The Spanish enslaved Native Americans whereas the Dutch and French traded with them.
Based on Columbus' journal, what was his attitude toward the Native Americans? Explain why you think so.
Multiple answers accepted
What were two negative impacts that Spanish colonization had on Native Americans?
1. The arrival of the Spanish disrupted traditional practices of Native Americans, including food production
2. The Spanish forced Native Americans to convert to Christianity
What was the Virginia Company and what role did it play in the establishment of Jamestown?
It was a joint-stock company in which investors bought shares or part ownership. The Virginia Company sent 144 settlers who established the colony of Jamestown.
What was the economy like in the Middle Colonies?
Most people were farmers. Fertile soil and mild temperatures allowed for production of cash crops. There were also industries.
They were treated like cattle (inspected, branded, crammed together, etc), they did not have rights as a result of the slave codes, and their family names and ancestry were taken from them.
What were the main countries that colonized the Americas?
Spain, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, and Great Britain (Russia and Sweden also accepted)