imperialism
What is the idea that Europeans had a duty to "civilize" non-Western peoples?
White man’s burden
What term refers to the ability of individuals or groups to act independently?
Agency
What resource was crucial for modern electronics and was heavily extracted in Africa?
Cobalt
Who was the African-American historian and missionary who exposed atrocities in the Congo?
George Washington Williams
What international meeting in 1884-1885 regulated European colonization in Africa?
Berlin Conference
What term refers to an outside force exerting control over another country and its people?
Colonization
What African nation was the site of British colonization and significant resistance?
Nigeria
What resource from palm trees was highly sought after in Africa during colonization?
Palm Oil
Who was the Belgian king responsible for the exploitation and cruelty in the Congo Free State?
King Leopold II
What was the rush of European powers to claim land in Africa during the late 19th century?
Scramble for Africa
What was the armed force used by the Belgian authorities to maintain control in Congo?
Force Publique
What horrific event occurred in 1937 involving mass killings by the Japanese army in China?
The Massacre of Nanking
What concept contrasts civilized behaviors with uncivilized actions?
Civilization vs. savagery
Who was the U.S. commodore who forced Japan to open trade through gunboat diplomacy?
Matthew Perry
What reform movement in Japan aimed to modernize and industrialize the nation?
Meiji Restoration
What was the name of the territory controlled by King Leopold II in Africa?
Congo free state
What German businessman is credited with saving Chinese civilians during the Nanking Massacre?
John Rabe
What term refers to the imbalance of power where one group subjugates another?
Power vs. oppression
Who was the Congolese leader who fought for independence but was later assassinated?
Lumumba
What term refers to the process of establishing control over another area through military or political means?
Gunboat diplomacy
What term refers to the process of one country adding another to its territory?
Annexation