Spanish Expansion & Exploration
What were the three main goals ("Three G's") of Spanish colonization?
Gold, Glory, and God
During the harsh winter of 1609–1610, this period reduced Jamestown's population from 500 down to only 60 survivors.
"Starving Time"
King Charles I believed in this concept, which held that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.
Divine Right of Kings
Which two European powers were the primary global rivals fighting each other in the Seven Years' War?
Great Britain and France
What popular colonial slogan reflected the protest against British Parliamentary taxes levied without colonial seats?
"No taxation without representation"
Which year marked Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas, kicking off over 300 years of Spanish conquest?
1492
Name the three original ships that carried 104 men and boys to Jamestown in 1607.
Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery
Famed conspirator Guy Fawkes was captured and executed for his role in this 1605 plot to blow up Parliament.
Gunpowder Plot (or Gunpowder Treason)
What was the North American theater of the global Seven Years' War called?
French and Indian War
Which 1770 conflict saw British soldiers kill 5 colonists during a protest, which was then used as revolutionary propaganda?
Boston Massacre
Name the two major ancient South and Central American empires that the Spanish encountered and conquered during their expansion.
Aztecs and the Incas
Settled in 1619, this group in Jamestown was the first elected legislative body in English America.
House of Burgesses
What were the two main opposing factions during the English Civil War?
the Royalists ("Cavaliers") and Parliamentarians ("Roundheads")
In the diplomatic realignment leading up to the war, which power did Great Britain ally with while France allied with Austria?
Prussia
Passed in 1765, this direct tax on printed materials in the colonies affected almost every colonist.
Stamp Act
What percentage did Indigenous populations in some areas decline by due to introduced European diseases like smallpox?
90%
Who introduced a sweet strain of West Indies tobacco to Jamestown in 1212, turning it into a profitable cash-crop economy?
John Rolfe
Oliver Cromwell led this disciplined, professional military force to victory over the Royalists at the Battle of Naseby in 1645.
What is the New Model Army?
Who technically started the 7 years war?
George Washington
Known in Britain as the Coercive Acts, these 1774 laws were designed to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.
Intolerable Acts
This term refers to the historical campaign that re-established Christian rule on the Iberian Peninsula and set the stage for Spanish global exploration.
Reconquista
Which joint-stock company funded and organized the original settlement of Jamestown in 1060–1607?
Virginia Company of London
Who is brought back as the King in 1660 after the Restoration process?
King Charles II
Name the Continents where fighting took place in the war
Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Asia.
Meeting in 1765 as the first unified colonial response to British policy, delegates from nine colonies assembled in this official delegation to oppose new revenue laws.
Stamp Act Congress