1
Which European country was the first to establish a permanent settlement at the Cape in 1652?
Netherlands (Dutch)
What was the main reason Jan van Riebeeck established a refreshment station at the Cape?
To supply fresh water and food to ships on the trade route.
The Dutch East India Company (VOC) controlled the Cape. What was its main interest?
Trade and profit
Which group of people were the first indigenous inhabitants of the Cape?
KhoiKhoi and San (Khoisan)
The arrival of Dutch settlers at the Cape led to conflict with which group over land and cattle?
Khoikhoi
Free burghers were....
Former company workers allowed to farm on their own
What does the term VOC stand for?
Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (Dutch East Indian Company)
Which European power took control of the Cape from the Dutch in 1795?
Britain
Name a possible reason for the VOC to use the Cape as a stopping point to set up the refreshment station.
It is exactly halfway between the Netherlands and Batavia.
The Cape was important to Britain mainly because...
It was halfway on the sea route to India
On voyages between Europe and the East, half of the sailors died of scurvy. What causes scurvy?
Lack of Vitamin C or lack of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Slaves at the Cape were imported mainly from...
India, Indonesia, Madagascar and Mozambique
What is the shells used as currency in the slave trade, called?
Cowrie shells
The trekboers were...
Farmers who moved inland with their livestock
Explain, shortly, which slaves would fetch high prices and which would fetch low prices
Slaves who were healthy (eyes and gums were inspected), muscular, and those who could read and write fetched higher prices. Unhealthy, scrawny, illiterate slaves would fetch lower prices, given their ability to perform less labour.
Why did the VOC import slaves to the Cape?
To provide cheap labour for farming, building and household work
What impact did colonization have on the San communities?
They were pushed off their land, lost access to hunting grounds, and many were killed in conflicts.
A large farm for growing crops like sugar cane, coffee, and cotton
Plantation
The religion that slaves brought to the Cape?
Islam
List two things slaves on the West Coast of Africa were allowed to do, which slaves in America were not allowed to do.
marry; own land; inherit property from their masters; have their own slaves
Someone who works on contract for a period of time
Indentured labourer
What was the main difference between a company servant and a free burgher?
Company servants worked for the VOC; free burghers were allowed to farm independently.
Give two reasons why the British wanted control of the Cape.
Strategic location on the sea route to India; to prevent France from controlling it during the Napoleonic Wars.
Describe one way the trekboers lived differently from the free burghers near Cape Town.
Trekboers lived a nomadic lifestyle, moving inland with their livestock, while free burghers farmed settled plots of land near Cape Town.
Explain why the colonization of Southern Africa led to conflict.
Europeans took land, cattle, and resources, forcing indigenous people into labour or displacement, which caused resistance and wars.