Chapter 1 - Speaking in Public
Both speakers and listeners should avoid ___, the belief that one's group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.
Ethnocentrism
One way to identify a speech topic is through ___ - generating ideas by free association.
Brainstorming
As a speaker, being ___ means keeping the audience in mind as you prepare and present your speech.
Audience-centered
True or False/Explain: Wikipedia is a credible source that you should cite in your work.
False; you can use Wikipedia as a starting point, but you should cite the outside sources linked at the bottom of the page.
___ refers to organizing a speech in a way that achieves a particular result with a particular audience.
Strategic organization
___ is anxiety associated with speaking in front of others, while ___ is controlled nervousness that energizes a speaker for their presentation.
Stage fright/speech anxiety & positive nervousness
The general purpose is the broad goal of a speech: name the different types of general purposes a speech can have.
To inform or persuade
As a speaker, it can be helpful to gain insight into your audience's ___ about your topic - their frame of mind in favor, or opposed to, a specific person, policy, belief, etc.
Attitudes
When conducting academic research, always pay attention to an article's ___ - a short summary of the article - before deciding if it's something you should read.
Abstract
Most speeches use a ___ order - organizing main points into logical, consistent subtopics.
Topical
Unlike conversation, public speaking is more highly structured, requires a different method of delivery, and requires ___.
More formal language
A speech's specific purpose should be a single ___ phrase that states what the speaker hopes to accomplish in their speech.
Infinitive
As a speaker, you should limit your use of ___ - the tendency to be concerned with one's own values, beliefs, and well-being.
Egocentrism
The three criteria you should use when evaluating online sources are:
Authorship, sponsorship, recency
Typically, a speech contains this many main points.
3 (can contain as few as 2 or as many as 5)
Like conversation, public speaking requires you to organize your thoughts logically, tailor your message to the audience, tell stories for maximum impact, and ___.
Adapt to feedback
A speech's ___ is a one-sentence statement that encapsulates the major idea of the speech.
Central idea/thesis statement
While it can be useful for a speaker to know how to tailor their message to a specific audience, they should avoid relying on ___ - oversimplified images of a specific group that assume all group members are alike.
Stereotypes
Name three different types of citations you should have in your upcoming outlines/speeches.
Parenthetical/in-text citations, bibliography/references page citations, oral citations
"The first sport we will discuss is basketball, the second sport we will discuss is baseball, and the final sport we will discuss is football." The italicized parts of the sentence are examples of this type of connective.
Signposts
If you're giving a toast at your family reunion and are interrupted by your drunk grandma trying to ride grandpa like his favorite tractor, then you're experiencing this component of the communication process.
Interference
"Ireland is a dope place to go on vacation" is an ineffective central idea because it uses ___ language.
Figurative
A speaker who looks at the age, race, or gender of audience members is conducting a ___, while a speaker who considers the audience's disposition towards their speech topic in the moment is conducting a ___.
Demographic analysis & situational analysis
If you were researching a speech about COVID-19, examples of ___ would be citing doctors, nurses, or researchers/scientists who work with the virus, whereas examples of ___ would be citing people who survived COVID-19 or knew someone who contracted the virus.
Expert testimony & peer testimony
Henry is giving an informative speech about the different parts of the central nervous system, and how they interact with one another - this is an example of a speech using a ___ order.
Spatial