Chapter 2 - Ethics in Public Speaking
Define ethics.
The rules we use to determine good and evil, right and wrong
Define supporting material.
The information used in a particular way to make your case
___, ___, and ___ are the three characteristics of spoken language.
Word order, rhythm, & signals
___ is an individual's level of fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another person or person(s).
Communication apprehension
Known for his contributions to the field, this Greek rhetorician is commonly known as the father of persuasion.
Aristotle
Identify Wallace's four principles of ethical speech.
Search, justice, public motivation, & respect for dissent
True or False/Explain: When giving a speech, putting your sources on a PowerPoint slide qualifies as a sufficient citation.
False: unless you actually orally cite each source, listing them in your PowerPoint is not sufficient enough
A speaker who defines a dog as a "domesticated canid bred in many varieties" is using a ___ meaning of the word.
Denotative
In a speech, a speaker should make sure they use gestures purposefully, appropriately, and ___.
Naturally
"To persuade my audience that they should reduce their use of plastic in order to help save the sea turtles" is an example of this type of persuasive proposition.
Policy
___ is when a speaker demonstrates an honest concern for audience members, whereas ___ is when a speaker views the audience as an object that can be manipulated or exploited.
Dialogic communication & monologic communication
There are five main types of supporting material: ___ illustrate a point or claim; ___ are verifiable and irrefutable pieces of information; ___ present information in numerical form; ___ cites another person's ideas, experiences, or opinions; ___ establish common links between similar and not-so-similar concepts
Examples, facts, statistics, testimony, & analogies
Clichés
An example of ___ speaking would be if your boss asked you to say a few words at the weekly staff meeting, ten minutes before the meeting starts.
Impromptu
There are four building blocks to persuasion: ___ refers to a speaker's credibility, ___ refers to a speaker's use of logic and reasoning, ___ refers to a speaker's use of emotional appeals, and ___ refers to a speaker's use of narratives or storytelling.
Ethos, logos, pathos, & mythos
___ is a mnemonic device for building information literacy. What does each letter stand for?
PARTS - Point of view, authority, reliability, timeliness, & scope
Identify the five functions of support.
Specific, helps to clarify ideas, adds weight, appropriate to the audience, & creates interest
John F. Kennedy's famous quote, "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country" is an example of ___.
When it comes to eye contact during a speech, a speaker should glance only briefly and occasionally at their notes, avoid looking above the heads of audience members, and distribute their ___ ___.
Gaze evenly
Name, in order, the five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence.
Attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, & action
Dr. Jones is the lead physician on a research team testing a new fibromyalgia drug. Although preliminary results aren’t promising, Dr. Jones decides to skew the results in order to receive promised financial kickbacks from the pharmaceutical company who creates the drug. This is an example of a speaker with a ___.
Hidden agenda
In order to grab the audience's attention at the beginning of her speech on the need for improved safety on college campuses, Rose asks her audience to imagine what they would do if an armed gunman burst through the door of their classroom right then. Rose is using a ___ to draw the audience in.
Hypothetical example
In his speech about his experiences in the publishing world, Jared used terms like "pica," "proof," and "subhead," but failed to properly define the terms for his audience. This is an example of a speaker using ___ in a speech.
Jargon
As Spencer began his speech, he noticed his heart was beating a mile a minute, his palms were sweating profusely, and his mouth was so dry he could barely get the words out. This is an example of a speaker experiencing the ___ stage of public speaking apprehension.
Confrontational
"You should vote for me because I will fight for the common good, for our freedom and values, and for your rights as citizens of our glorious nation" is an example of this type of fallacy.
Glittering generalities